Malta
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Legal Resources for Malta
E-Learning Resources |
Introduction
Quick summary of the context (including the country’s recent history)
Malta’s legal system is a unique hybrid of civil and common law, shaped by its complex history of successive rulers. Its foundations lie in the continental civil law tradition, heavily influenced by Roman law and later codified under the Napoleonic Code during the brief French occupation in the 18th century. When Malta became a British colony in 1814, elements of English common law were integrated in the pre-existing civil law framework, particularly in constitutional, criminal, and procedural matters. This blend remains today, with substantive private law (contracts, property, family) largely civil law-based, and public law (criminal procedure, evidence, constitutional safeguards) reflecting common law principles. Since gaining independence in 1964, Malta has developed its own constitution, enshrining the separation of powers, an independent judiciary, and fundamental human rights. In 2004 Malta joined the EU and EU law subsequently became directly applicable to Malta. This has led to an increased focus on and enforcement of human and legal rights within the Maltese judicial system to bring Malta into closer compliance with EU and international standards.
Type of system (common law; civil law; hybrid)
The Maltese legal system is primarily based on a civil law system with significant influences from the British common law system. The Maltese Constitution is the primary source of law and supreme law of the land in Malta, with additional legislation enacted by the Parliament of Malta. Malta’s court system is divided into four courts: The Constitutional Court, Civil Court, Commercial Court, and Criminal Court. The Criminal Court presides over trials by jury.
The legal aid situation in the country
State Sponsored legal aid
All persons charged with a criminal offense have the right to legal representation. If the individual charged cannot afford legal representation as required by the circumstances, they are entitled to legal representation at public expense. Low-income individuals can apply for legal aid through the government online. In civil cases there is a mean and merits test to apply. There is no means test for criminal cases. The government agency Legal Aid Malta was established in 2014 to help provide legal representation to those who require it.
Number of lawyers (criminal/civil) if known
There are over 1,000 registered advocates (lawyers) in Malta.
Sources of defendant’s rights?
National Sources of Defendant’s rights
The Maltese Constitution and Malta Criminal Code provide the basis for defendant’s rights under Maltese law.
International Sources of defendant’s rights
Sources of internation law which are in effect in Malta include the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Community Law.
Rights of the Accused
Right Against Unlawful Searches and Seizures
No property of any kind shall be taken possession of except where allowed by law. Reasonable suspicion is required for search and seizure, except in cases of arrest. When conducting an arrest, police may only conduct searches for safety, evidence, or to prevent the arrestee from escaping. Only prohibited items, or items connected to or suspected to be connected to a crime can be seized.
Right Against Unlawful Arrests and Detention
No person shall be deprived of personal liberty except in cases authorized by law. Any person arrested for detained shall be informed at the time of arrest of the reasons for detainment, in a language they understand. They shall be brought before a court within 48 hours of arrest. Any person who is unlawfully arrested or detained shall be entitles to compensation from that person.
Right Not to be Tortured or Ill-Treated
In accordance with the EU Charter of Fundamental rights, torture and ill treatment are prohibited in Malta. Further, no person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment.
Right to Medical Care
Malta offers free access to medical facilities to all EU citizens on presentation of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC).
Right to be Informed of Charges
Arrests are invalid unless the person arrested is informed, at the time of arrest, of the charges against them. Every person charged with a criminal offense shall be informed in writing, in a language which they understand, and in detail, the nature of the offense charged. When a person who is charged or accused is first brought before the Court of Magistrates the court shall have the charges read out to the person charged or accused, as well as a summary of evidence produced by the prosecuting or arraigning officer on the reasons supporting the charges.
Right to Presumption of Innocence
Per the Constitution, anyone charged with a criminal offense shall be presumed innocent until they have been proved or pleaded guilty.
Right Against Self-Incrimination
When questioning the accused they are not required to provide any self-incriminating information. The court will explain this right to the accused. Further, no person charged with a crime can be compelled to give evidence in their own trial.
Right to Counsel and Effective Assistance
All persons charged are entitled to a legal representative, a person entitled to practice law as an advocate in Malta.
Right to a Present a Defense
Everyone person charged of an offense shall be given adequate time and facilities to prepare their defense. They are permitted to defend themselves in person or by a legal representative. If they cannot afford a legal representative, they are entitled to one by law paid for by the state.
Right to Due Process
All persons are entitled to a public and fair hearing by an independent and impartial court.
Right to Equal Protection of the Laws
All persons are equal before the law and enjoy equal rights. All persons are entitled to equal protection without discrimination.
Right to Bail
The court may grant bail after taking into consideration all of the circumstances of the case, the nature or seriousness of the offense, the character, antecedents, associations, and community ties of the accused, as well as any other information which appears relevant. If it is satisfied that the accused will appear when ordered, will not leave Malta, will observe all conditions set by the court, will not interfere with any witnesses, and will not commit any other offense bail may be granted.
Right Against Ex Post Facto Prosecution
No person shall be held guilty of a crime which did not constitute a crime at the time of offense. There shall be no penalty or punishment for such an offense.
Right Against Double Jeopardy
No person who has been tried by any competent court for a criminal offense and either convicted or acquitted shall be tried again for that offence or for any other criminal offence of which they could have been convicted at the trial. The only exception to this is upon the order of a superior court made in the course of appeal or review proceedings relating to the conviction or acquittal. No person shall be tried for a criminal offense if they can show that they were pardoned for that offense.
Right to a Fair Trial
Generally
Whenever a person is charged, they shall be afforded a fair hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial court established by law. Except where agreed to by all parties, the court proceedings shall be held in public.
Right to a Trial by Jury
Criminal courts shall consist of one judge sitting with a jury for every offense. The jury shall decide on whether the accused is guilty or not guilty. The accused may, within 10 days of receiving notice of service, request a trial without a jury.
Right to a Speedy Trial
Whenever a person is charged with a criminal offence they shall be afforded a fair hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial court established by the law (Constitution, Article 39).
Right to an Impartial Judge
The Constitution of Malta, Article 39, provides that all persons have a right to a fair hearing by an independent and impartial court. The European Convention on Human Rights, Article 6, to which Malta is also a party, also enforces the right to a fair and impartial trial. The Maltese Code of Organization and Civil Procedure, Chapter 12, Section 734 allows parties to a case to challenge a judge and allows judges to recuse themselves in cases where there may be a conflict of interests.
Right to Language Interpretation
Suspects and accused shall be provided with a Letter of Rights in a language they understand. If you do not speak or understand the language spoken by the police or other authorities, you have the right to be assisted by an interpreter free of charge. The interpreter may also speak with the representative lawyer and must keep the information conveyed private. Individuals also have the right to receive a translation of the European Arrest Warrant in a language they understand. It is the duty of the executive police and court to ascertain whether the accused or suspect can understand the language of the courts and investigators and whether an interpreter is required. Suspects and accused have the right to receive a translation of all relevant passages of essential documents. In some cases, and oral translation may be provided. The Maltese language shall be the language of the courts, and all proceedings shall be conducted in Maltese, with provisions for the Use of English Language Act of 1965. Where the person charged does not understand the language of the proceedings or evidence given, they shall be interpreted either by the court or a sworn interpreter. Where all person charged are English-speaking, all proceedings shall be conducted in English. Where there are multiple people being charged, some of whom speak Maltese and some of whom speak English, the Maltese speaking accused must consent to proceedings being conducted in English. Where none of the parties are Maltese-speaking or English-speaking the court may elect to conduct proceedings in English. Where the court has ordered proceedings to be conducted in English, all subsequent stages of the proceedings shall also be conducted in English.
Right to Habeas Corpus
Per the Maltese Constitution, no person may be deprived of personal liberty or imprisoned of arbitrary reasons.
Cases in which deprivation of liberty is authorized are as follows:
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment was formally abolished in 2000.
Right to Appeal
A person convicted on indictment may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal against their conviction in all cases and may appeal against the sentence passed on their conviction unless the sentence is one fixed by law. Article 500, Malta Criminal Code.
Rights of Counsel
Right to Provide Representation
Under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, to which Malta is a party, everyone charged with a criminal offense has the right to be defended by legal assistance of their choosing. Additionally, they have the right to be provided free legal defense if they lack the means to pay for it themselves. Malta also ensures low-income individuals have access to legal aid.
Right of Access to the Client
Under Article 11(4) of the Maltese Constitution all persons arrested or detained have the right of access to a lawyer. The Maltese Criminal Code, Article 355AU provides that the accused will have access to a lawyer without und delay before any questioning by police or law enforcement, during any evidence-gathering acts, or immediately upon deprivation of liberty. Additionally, the accused have the right to meet in private with the lawyer either face-to-face or over the phone and the right to have their lawyer present when being questioned. Since Legal Notice 35 of 2021, attorneys must be allowed private consolation with their client for up to one hour preceding police questioning.
Right to Information
Under Articles 534A-AG, suspects must receive a letter of rights which includes the right to access essential documents necessary for preparing a defense. Under Article 6 of the ECHR, defendants must be informed promptly and in detail of the nature and cause of accusations and must be given access to evidence necessary to challenge the prosecution’s case.
Right to Confidential Communication with the Client
Under Article 350(1) of the Maltese Criminal Code, communication between attorneys and their clients is protected by legal professional privilege. Maltese courts have no authority to compel disclosure of privileged communications without the client’s explicit consent.
Means of Protecting or Enforcing Rights
Exclusionary Rule
The Maltese Code of Organization and Civil Procedure requires that evidence be relevant and the best available (Articles 558-560), however there is no general prohibition on evidence obtained illegally. Courts may still admit illegally obtained evidence on a case-by-case basis if it is relevant and material.
Nullity of Procedure
Per the Maltese Criminal Code, judgements must contain the facts, finding of guilt or innocence, the law applied, and the punishment, if applicable. Failure to meet these requirements may invalidate the judgement. Article 382. Per the Code of Organization and Civil Procedure, judicial acts which are not in accordance with the form prescribed by law, or which lack the required formalities are null. Article 789.
Motions
Defense may move to have evidence deemed inadmissible or may raise issues regarding procedural errors which will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
Contempt
Per the Maltese Code of Organization and Civil Procedure, Art. 997 contempt can result in up to 1 month imprisonment and/or a fine. The Maltese Criminal Code also includes provisions which prohibit and enforce punishments for insults and threats against judges, magistrates, and jurors.
Pretrial Procedures
Police procedures
Complaint/information
Upon receipt of any information or complaint requiring proceedings, the executive police shall inform the Court of Magistrates as soon as possible to receive necessary instructions for proceedings. In cases where the complaint provides sufficient evidence to support an arrest, the police must inform the court and create a report. In the following cases, police may institute proceedings without a complaint:
Arrest, Search and Seizure Laws
Stops and Frisks
Police officers in any public place or place of public admittance may search any person or vehicle if there is reasonable suspicion that the search will discover prohibited items, or evidence of a crime. Police may subsequently seize anything discovered during the search which is prohibited or connected to a crime. Searches cannot be conducted by police officers of the opposite sex. Police officers not in uniform cannot conduct searches unless they present their police identification card.
Arrests
Where there are lawful grounds for arrest, the police may request an arrest warrant from a Magistrate. Any police officer may arrest, without a warrant, anyone who is in the act of committing or has just committed a crime, or whom they reasonably suspect has just committed or is about to commit a crime. An arrest is not valid if the person being arrested is not informed that they are under arrest. Police are prohibited from using any harshness during the arrest. Any person erroneously arrested or arrested without warrant shall be immediately released. Any person arrested who has not been brought before a court within 48 hours shall be released.
Pre-trial detention
If the grounds for custody have ceased to apply, if the person was arrested without warrant, or failed to be brought before a court within 48 hours, they shall be immediately released from custody. The police have a duty to inform anyone arrested or detained of their right to inform a friend or relative of their detainment. They shall be allowed to consult privately with an attorney as soon as practicable and upon request.
Searches
A police officer may immediately conduct a search of arrestees in cases where the officer has reasonable grounds to believe the arrested person may be a danger to himself or others; to search for anything the arrested person may use to escape from custody; or to search for evidence related to the offense. Police are authorized to search, without a warrant, any premises, house, building, or enclosure used, occupied, or controlled (even temporarily) by the person who is under arrest if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that there is evidence that relates to the crime. This search must be limited to the extent reasonably necessary to discover such evidence. Police are not authorized to search any premises, house, building, or enclosure without a warrant in cases where an arrest is not taking place.
Seizures
Police may, when lawfully on any premises, seize anything on the premises if they have reasonable suspicion that it was obtained as the result of, or in connection to a criminal offense, as necessary to prevent it from being concealed, lost, damaged, altered or destroyed. Police must issue a receipt of the item seized to the person on the premises or in control of them. Anything lawfully seized by police may be retained as long as necessary in the circumstances.
Enforcing the Rules (Exclusionary Rule, Nullity, and other procedures to protect against illegal police procedures)
Malta is a part of the European Convention on human rights which ensures access to a fair, impartial trial. In accordance with this directive, Maltese courts have increasingly shown the capacity and will to enforce penalties and exclude evidence which were collected through illegal or improper police procedures. Lawyers who witness illegal police investigative procedures must report this to the magistrate within 24 hours. The magistrate will then enquire, and act accordingly given the situation.
Lineups and other identification procedures
Lineups
As a rule, it is not necessary that a witness identify a subject or item from a lineup for identification purposes, unless the court in that particular case deems such a course of action necessary in the given circumstances.
Interrogation
Before formal charge in court
Before interrogation, individuals who have been arrested or detained have the right to speak with a lawyer for maximum one hour. A police officer in the grade of Superintendent or higher may authorize the delay of this right but not for a period longer than 36 hours. Police may immediately interrogate arrestees or detainees, but they retain the right to remain silent and the right to have legal representation. Police are obligated to assist you in contacting a lawyer but will not provide the specific name of a lawyer. In certain cases, arrestees/detainees may be entitled to free legal aid and police will help determine whether this is applicable. Article 6 of the European Convention, to which Malta is a party, grants all persons the right to assistance of a lawyer during questioning.
After defendant is formally charged
Any questioning after formal charges must be judicially authorized or conducted during court proceedings.
Enforcing the rules (procedures to protect against illegal interrogation)
There are multiple cases in which the Maltese Constitutional court has excluded evidence or imposed fines on the prosecution for interrogation violations. In 2016 a court ordered the Commissioner of Police and Attorney General to pay a fine for allowing a statement made without assistance of a lawyer to be used against a defendant. In 2017 a Maltese court prohibited a statement made without legal assistance from being admitted as evidence during trial. While there are not codified enforcement procedures in civil law, the courts have shown increased strictness in enforcing these procedures by citing Article 6 of the European Convention.
Court Procedures
Pre-Trial
Initial Court Appearance
The Maltese Court of Magistrates has jurisdiction over the initial arraignment. The court will read the specific charges and confirm whether the accused wants/has legal assistance. Under Maltese law and the ECHR Article 6 the accused has the right to be informed in detail and in writing of the nature of the offense, to adequate time and facilities to prepare their defense, to legal representation, and to free assistance of an interpreter, if needed.
Charging Instrument
Under Section 360(2) of the Criminal Code the charge sheet but accurately reflect the facts of the offense. If there are errors the court must dismiss the case.
Preliminary Hearing
Cases will be subject to magisterial inquiry as an investigative authority. At this inquiry the presiding magistrate will examine evidence, witness statements, and witnesses and the accused may be cross-examined and questioned by the court. The magistrate will then decide whether there is sufficient evidence to commit the accused to trial or if the evidence is insufficient and the case must be dismissed.
Pre-Trial Motions
No later than 15 working days from the date of service, the accused shall file all motions regarding the admissibility of evidence, indicating witnesses, and produce all documents and other exhibits they intend to use at trial. The accused shall be notified of the trial date at least 20 days prior to allow them to prepare a defense. The accused may request further extensions to this 20-day period. Pre-trial motions include:
Discovery
The record of the inquiry, all documents and exhibits filed in the registry of the court by either party to the case shall be accessible to both the prosecution and the defense. No witness, documents, or exhibits may be used in court unless filed with the registry.
Trial
Nature of the Trial
There are three types of criminal trials in Malta.
Defendant
The court shall ask the accused to verify their name, age, place of birth and abode, trade, profession, or calling, the same and surname of their father and whether their father is alive or dead. The court shall also ask the accused how they wish to reply to the charge. Before asking any of these questions, the court shall explain to the accused the nature of the charge and inform them that they are not obliged to answer any of the questions, nor incriminate themselves, and that they are entitled to legal assistance.
Lawyers
Lawyers for the defense may be present at all proceedings. Defendants may choose their legal counsel, and their attorneys must be given sufficient time and facilities for case preparation. During proceedings, lawyers must have full access to evidence and materials necessary for representation. Lawyers for both the defense and prosecution are authorized to examine or cross-examine witnesses, and to produce evidence, provided that this evidence has been deemed admissible by the court. For prosecution, the attorney general will represent the state in hybrid proceedings and jury trials.
Expert Witnesses
In all cases where special skill or knowledge is required, a reference to experts shall be ordered. The court shall give experts necessary time and documents to all them to make their report. Experts are authorized to receive documents and examine witnesses under oath. Upon completion of their work experts shall make a report of their findings either orally or in writing, according to the directions of the court. The parties, court, and in some cases jurors, may require experts to further elucidate their reports or clarify them.
Judges
A single magistrate will handle both inquiry preliminary proceedings and summary trials. As an investigating magistrate the judge will compile evidence, record witness statements, appoint experts, and determine whether there is sufficient evidence to commit the accused to a trial. In summary proceedings, magistrates hear evidence, question witnesses, apply the law, and deliver judgments for crimes carrying up to 6 years imprisonment. In jury trials there will be one presiding judge. The judge’s role includes ruling on preliminary pleas, guiding the jury, ensuring procedural fairness, and deciding on sentencing.
Victims
The Victims of Crime Act of 2015 allows victims access to free legal aid, to be kept informed about the progress of court proceedings, and to seek compensation from offenders. Victims have the right to receive a written acknowledgement of a complaint and to receive ongoing informational updates about the status of their case.
Sentencing
When the hearing is concluded, if conveniently practicable, the court shall deliver judgement on the sentence on the same day. Sentencing is largely based on judicial discretion but there are ongoing efforts to align Malta with broader EU sentencing guidelines and standards.
Appeals
Right to Counsel
A person who wants to appeal their judgement from the Court of Magistrates with legal aid may do so. They must inform their assigned legal aid attorney on the same day that the decision is reached. The lawyer must then file the appeal within 12 working days. The convicted person may also ask the presiding judge to assign legal counsel or contact Legal Aid Malta.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
This is not recognized as grounds for appeal under Maltese law.
Other Grounds for Appeal
The Maltese Criminal Code, Chapter 9, the European Convention on Human Rights Articles 6 and 13, and Legal Aid Malata Criminal Appeals Process outline the following grounds for appeal:
Collateral Remedies
All persons have the right to initiate a constitutional application before the Civil Court in situations where their fundamental Constitutional Rights have been breached or violated during criminal proceedings.
Rights in prison
Right to Humane Conditions of Confinement
Malta is bound by all EU and European Convention rules regarding safe and human prison treatment. In general, conditions of confinement must respect the human dignity of inmates and promote rehabilitation.
Immigrant’s Rights in Detention
The European Court of Human Rights has confronted Malta on several occasions over the past decade for its detention of asylum seekers. According to the UNHCR immigrants have the right to remain in Malta, to receive procedural information, to legal assistance, to confidentiality, and to contact the UNHCR. Individuals detained under Article 10 of the Immigration Act (those who arrive without permission) may be removed from the country.
Right to Medical Care in Prison
Prisoners in Malta are entitled to the same level of free health services as the general public. Prisoners must be examined within 24 hours of admission. Prisons must have equipped infirmaries and prisoners must be transferred to the hospital if necessary. In 2025 a report by the Council of Europe noted that healthcare conditions in Maltese prisons are improving and include well-equipped facilities and improving staffing levels and prompt access to medical care. The Council of Europe outlines that prisons must have integrated and comprehensive medical care.
Right to Mental Health Care
Access to mental health care in prisons falls under the same guiding principles as access to general healthcare.
Restriction of Rights
While imprisoned, individuals cannot vote, cannot hold public office, and cannot enter into contracts which require their presence or signatures outside of prison. They maintain their right to due process, legal representation, and a trial with appeals as allowed in the code of criminal procedure and constitution.
Rights of Special Populations
Women
Women are housed in a separate female division in Malta. They generally have fewer resources and smaller facilities due to smaller numbers of women being incarcerated compared to men. Searches and sensitive procedures on women prisoners can be conducted by women staff only. Mothers can apply for special visiting arrangements with children but long-term family accommodation is not provided.
GLBT Prisoners
Prisoners are assigned to prison divisions based on legal gender as stated on official documents, not based on sex characteristics. Those in transition must make a sworn declaration of their gender. Inmates have the right to pursue legal gender recognition and access to corresponding medical care while in prison. As a testament to Malta’s commitment to protecting its LGBT+ inmates, in 2018 seven transgender inmates won a constitutional case after being forced to live in the male prison section despite identifying as women. They were awarded damages and reassigned to the correct prison section.
Mentally Ill Prisoners
Mentally ill prisoners may be transferred to mental health facilities as the advice of prison medical officials.
Juveniles
Per Maltese Prison regulations, juveniles under 21 years of age must be housed separately from adult prisoners. Male and female juveniles must also be housed separately. Juveniles have the right to rest, education, leisure, physical development, and family engagement, with parameters.
Resources
"Understanding the Maltese Legal System." CA Advocates, 15 Aug. 2025, ca.mt/understanding-the-maltese-legal-system/.
Tabone, Marlon. "The main components of the Maltese legal system and the primary provisions of Maltese." Medium, 15 Aug. 2025, medium.com/@marlontabone/the-main-components-of-the-maltese-legal-system-and-the-primary-provisions-of-maltese-6380b10fb33.
"Law System in Malta." Avukati, 15 Aug. 2025, www.avukati.org/public/law-system-in-malta/.
"Constitution of Malta." Riforma Kostituzzjonali, 15 Aug. 2025, riformakostituzzjonali.gov.mt/documents/constitution-of-malta/?lang=en.
"Criminal Code, 2015." IHL Databases, 15 Aug. 2025, ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/national-practice/criminal-code-2015.
"Legal Aid Referral System." Justice Ministry, 15 Aug. 2025, justiceministry.gov.mt/en/legalaidmalta/Pages/Legal%20Aid%20Referral%20System.aspx.
"Legal Aid Malta." Legal Aid Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, legalaidmalta.gov.mt/.
"Advocates in Malta." Lawyers in Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, www.lawyersinmalta.com/advocates-in-malta/.
"Use of English Act." Uniset, 15 Aug. 2025, www.uniset.ca/microstates2/malta-use-of-english-act.pdf.
"Healthcare Entitlement." Gov.mt, 15 Aug. 2025, www.gov.mt/en/Life%20Events/Pages/Healthy%20Living/Healthcare-entitlement.aspx.
"Legal Rights and Protections in Malta." USCIS Guide, 15 Aug. 2025, www.uscisguide.com/international/legal-rights-and-protections-in-malta/.
"Malta: The abolition of the death penalty." Amnesty International, 15 Aug. 2025, www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/act530032000en.pdf.
"Strict interpretation of the law when challenging a Judge." Mifsud Advocates, 15 Aug. 2025, www.mifsudadvocates.com.mt/strict-interpretation-of-the-law-when-challenging-a-judge/.
"Statements by suspects not assisted by a lawyer cannot be used as evidence - court." Times of Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, timesofmalta.com/article/statements-by-suspects-not-assisted-by-a-lawyer-cannot-be-used-as.651801.
"Court awards €4,500 to man who was refused legal aid during interrogation." Malta Today, 15 Aug. 2025, www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/court_and_police/61207/court_awards_4500_to_man_who_was_refused_legal_aid_during_interrogation.
"New rules on police interrogations come into force." Times of Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, timesofmalta.com/article/new-rules-on-police-interrogations-come-into-force.645164.
"New law gives crime victims legal aid right." Times of Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, www.timesofmalta.com/article/new-law-gives-crime-victims-legal-aid-right.564676.
"The Right to Silence in the Criminal Law of Malta." University of Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/29413.
"Criminal Legal Aid Cases." Legal Aid Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, legalaidmalta.gov.mt/Criminal-Legal-Aid-Cases.
"Defining Legal Aid." Legal Aid Malta, 15 Aug. 2025, legalaidmalta.gov.mt/Defining-Legal-Aid.
