https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Special:NewPages&feed=atom&limit=50&offset=&namespace=0&username=&tagfilter=&size-mode=max&size=0Criminal Defense Wiki - New pages [en]2024-03-29T06:39:53ZFrom Criminal Defense WikiMediaWiki 1.34.1https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6:%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%A8%E6%98%8E%E8%A2%AB%E5%91%8A%E6%9C%89%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9B%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8.doc文件:可能表明被告有智力障碍的迹象列表.doc2023-08-29T11:24:59Z<p>Jsalome5: /* 语言问题 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== 混淆事实 ==<br />
*幻觉<br />
<br />
*幻听<br />
<br />
*幻视(人、物体、或一些不成形的图像,比如闪光)<br />
<br />
*幻嗅<br />
<br />
*幻触(感觉被一些并不存在的物体或人碰触)<br />
<br />
*幻味(能尝出不存在的味道)<br />
<br />
*错误地认为一些无害的图案有威胁<br />
<br />
*不理智的恐惧(如:惧怕离开牢房、恐高)<br />
<br />
*对周围的人或事感觉混乱<br />
<br />
*持久的错误信念,如:<br />
**律师意图伤害他<br />
**监狱看守人员或其他人爱慕他<br />
**被外界力量控制<br />
**别人在议论他<br />
<br />
== 语言问题 ==<br />
=== 语言不可理解 ===<br />
*语言有时紊乱<br />
<br />
*自己编造新的词语<br />
<br />
*使用“不是词的词”<br />
<br />
*前言不搭后语<br />
<br />
*基于错误假设的结论<br />
<br />
=== 不完整回答 ===<br />
*简短、不加说明的回答<br />
<br />
*仅用“是”或“不是”回答<br />
<br />
*语言经常空洞、重复、过于循规蹈矩<br />
<br />
*回答冗长但无实际信息<br />
<br />
*讲话像是“空洞无物的哲学思考”<br />
<br />
=== 讲话内容涣散 ===<br />
*一句话当中就会因其他刺激而改变话题<br />
<br />
*以不相关的方式回答问题<br />
<br />
*讲话规律似有“断裂”<br />
<br />
*经常在不同的思路之间无前因后果地随意交替<br />
<br />
*讲话规律以循环、不直接或迟缓的方式达意<br />
<br />
*包括很多冗长的细节<br />
<br />
*讲话啰嗦<br />
<br />
*必须经你提醒才能讲完事情<br />
<br />
*从某个话题出发后,就一直偏离话题<br />
<br />
*谈话开始后就坚持以不合适的方式重复某些词语、想法或话题<br />
<br />
=== 讲话过于迅速 ===<br />
*讲话迅速,无法中断<br />
<br />
*因急于讲下一个话题<br />
<br />
*不顾别人打断<br />
<br />
*经常大声且非常肯定地说话<br />
<br />
*讲话过多,经常打断别人<br />
<br />
=== 迟缓或经常中断的讲话 ===<br />
*讲话很慢<br />
<br />
*回答前停顿过长<br />
<br />
*找不到正确词语<br />
<br />
*讲话含糊<br />
<br />
*即使讲到感情问题时也语气冷淡<br />
<br />
*讲话过于矫柔造作<br />
<br />
*用过多古语,艰涩难懂<br />
<br />
=== 其他的语言问题 ===<br />
*字迹过小<br />
<br />
*写字过于仓促<br />
<br />
*阅读出现问题<br />
<br />
*拼写错误<br />
<br />
== 记忆力与注意力 ==<br />
*记不起童年的事情<br />
<br />
*记不起过去几个月发生的事情<br />
<br />
*记不起过去几天的事情<br />
<br />
*记不起与案件有关的事件<br />
<br />
*记忆与档案记录不符<br />
<br />
*当记不起某些事件时,会编造故事以填充空白<br />
<br />
*讲到与案件有关的事情时,有说谎迹象<br />
<br />
*记忆力似乎太好<br />
<br />
*不能集中精力<br />
<br />
*注意力总放在无关紧要的事情上<br />
<br />
*遗忘思路<br />
<br />
*涉及感情有关的事情时,注意力不能集中<br />
<br />
== 医疗方面的抱怨 ==<br />
*对自己健康表示过分关心<br />
<br />
*伤害自身或值得怀疑的伤痕<br />
<br />
* “意外”<br />
<br />
*难以入睡<br />
<br />
*睡眠质量差<br />
<br />
*睡眠过度<br />
<br />
*饮食习惯变化<br />
<br />
*食欲上升或下降<br />
<br />
*视觉模糊<br />
<br />
*读书时需眯眼或贴近<br />
<br />
*听力问题<br />
<br />
*耳鸣<br />
<br />
*头疼<br />
<br />
*头晕<br />
<br />
*恶心<br />
<br />
*疲劳过度<br />
<br />
== 自我了解与处事能力 ==<br />
*自我评价过低<br />
<br />
*自视过高<br />
<br />
*目标不现实,无视缺陷<br />
<br />
*否认自己的精神问题<br />
<br />
*无法提前作计划<br />
<br />
*办事无条理<br />
<br />
*思考不够迅速<br />
<br />
*无法根据实际需要改变计划<br />
<br />
*无法准确预测后果<br />
<br />
*易烦躁<br />
<br />
*不能吃一堑长一智<br />
<br />
== 身体活动 ==<br />
*躁动<br />
<br />
*小动作过多 <br />
<br />
*经常抬腿/挥动胳膊 <br />
<br />
*话语过多<br />
<br />
*反映过快<br />
<br />
*对周围事物过于敏感,经常左顾右盼<br />
<br />
*动作慢,讲话慢<br />
<br />
*反应慢<br />
<br />
*平衡性差<br />
<br />
*动作不协调<br />
<br />
*身体或表情始终处于紧张 <br />
<br />
== 与他人的沟通 ==<br />
*被告人家庭过于冷清<br />
<br />
*无常客来访或来信<br />
<br />
*与狱中其他人沟通不正常,有不恰当反应<br />
<br />
*过于随和<br />
<br />
*无法与他人建立联系,欠缺直接沟通<br />
<br />
*言行不符合社会常规(包括性方面的言行,或过于外向的言行)<br />
<br />
*不能理解自身行为是不合适的<br />
<br />
== 其他观察记录 ==</div>Jsalome5https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6:%E5%BD%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%BA%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%B7.doc文件:当事人背景材料问卷.doc2023-08-28T03:48:58Z<p>Jsalome5: </p>
<hr />
<div>* 面谈日期:<br />
<br />
* 姓名:<br />
<br />
* 出生日期:<br />
<br />
* 身份证号码:<br />
<br />
* 地址:<br />
<br />
* 电话:<br />
<br />
* 教育(学历)(学校名称):<br />
<br />
* 职业培训(技能)(培训学校名称):<br />
<br />
* 如有需要<br />
**驾驶执照编号:<br />
**汽车型号:<br />
**汽车牌照号:<br />
<br />
* 关于你现在被捕一事,你希望与谁取得联系? 他们的名字,地址和电话号码是什么? <br />
<br />
* 你使用的日常用语是普通话吗?如果不是,是哪一种语言?你有文字读写能力吗?你需要翻译人员吗? <br />
<br />
* 就这一案件,你有没有过联系过其他律师?请告知详细情况。 <br />
<br />
* 对你的拘留证或逮捕证是否已经下达,请告诉详细情况。 <br />
<br />
* 将以前被逮捕以及是否被定罪的情况一一列出来。 <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 罪名 !! 逮捕日期 !! 结果<br />
|-<br />
| ''示例'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''示例'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''示例'' || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''家庭'''<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 姓名 !! 地址 !! 电话 !! 出生日期 !! 工作地点<br />
|-<br />
| 父亲 || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 母亲 || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 兄弟姐妹 || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 配偶 || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 孩子 || || |||| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
如果出现紧急情况,需要联系谁?假如不是家人,他们的名字,地址和电话号码<br />
是什么?你认识他们多久了?<br />
<br />
'''受雇用的经历'''(列举出目前及上一次受雇用的情况)<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 始于/至 !! 雇主姓名 !! 地址 !! 电话 !! 工作类型 !! 职位/薪水<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || || || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || || || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''列举出关系人的完整的地址'''(除亲戚外、认识你的人,比如朋友、同事)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 姓名 !! 地址 !! 电话<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''描述被起诉罪名'''<br />
<br />
*逮捕、搜查以及向警方陈述情况<br />
<br />
*你被拘留/被逮捕时,有没有发生异常情况?对你、和你在一起的人或任何地点进 行搜查了吗?警方有没有拿走什么东西?警方对扣押物品做记录了吗?你有没有 在警方面前做出陈述?同案被告人有没有在警方面前做出陈述?<br />
<br />
*你认识被害人吗? 你能描述一下你跟被害人的关系吗? 你认识同被告人吗? 你能形 容你跟同被告人的关系吗?<br />
<br />
'''有关生理、心理、情感、婚姻、毒品及喝酒方面的问题。'''<br />
<br />
*你的案件和以上任何问题有关联吗?有__没有__<br />
<br />
*如果有,请解释: 该问题持续多长时间了?是谁在何时对问题做出了调查/诊断分析? <br />
<br />
*你现在是否在接受治疗、或正在咨询专家?是__不是__<br />
**姓名: <br />
**电话:<br />
<br />
*你现在因该问题吃药吗?吃的什么药?你吃多少药,每天吃几次?这药是什么时<br />
候开的?谁开的?<br />
<br />
证人:请所有能为案件做证及能提供线索的人员的姓名、地址及电话列出来。<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 姓名 !! 地址 !! 电话<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
同案被告人:请写下跟犯罪过程有关的人名字,地址和电话号码。形容一下他们 犯罪角色,他们对警方的陈述, 他们说了什么,他们是否在监狱,他们有没有犯 罪前科。当事人跟同被告人的关系是如何?<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 姓名 !! 地址 !! 电话<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
‘’‘取保侯审’‘’<br />
<br />
你有哪些经济来源可以用来申请取保侯审? <br />
<br />
如果你被取保侯审,你有没有家人或同事可以担保你不逃避追诉?<br />
<br />
‘’‘当事人的身体特征’‘’<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! 身高 !! 体重 !! 相貌 !! 与目击证人指认相关的其他信息<br />
|-<br />
| 示例 || || || <br />
|}</div>Jsalome5https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%BE%A9%E6%8A%A4%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%8E%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%8D%AE%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2刑事辩护律师的权利与义务:法律规范依据检索2023-08-25T03:07:00Z<p>Jsalome5: /* 根据中华人民共和国有关法律 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== '''根据中华人民共和国有关法律''' ==<br />
<br />
'''辩护的权利受法律保护 (律师法:36条和37条)'''<br />
<br />
• 第三十六条 律师担任诉讼代理人或者辩护人的,其辩论或者辩护的权利 依法受到保障。<br />
<br />
• 第三十七条 律师在执业活动中的人身权利不受侵犯。<br />
<br />
'''会见权(刑事诉讼法:第 39 条;最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的解释56条)'''<br />
<br />
• 第三十九条 辩护律师可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可,也可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。 辩护律师持律师执业证书、律师事务所证明和委托书或者法律援助公函要 求会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的,看守所应当及时安排会见,至迟不 得超过四十八小时。 危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪案件,在侦查期间辩护律师会见在押的 犯罪嫌疑人,应当经侦查机关许可。上述案件,侦查机关应当事先通知看 守所。 辩护律师会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,可以了解案件有关情况,提供 法律咨询等;自案件移送审查起诉之日起,可以向犯罪嫌疑人、被告人核 实有关证据。辩护律师会见犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时不被监听。 辩护律师同被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见、通信,适用第一款、第三款、第四款的规定。<br />
<br />
• 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的解释第五十六条 规定,辩护律师可以同在押的或者被监视居住的被告人会见和通信。其他辩护人经人民法院许可,也可以同在押的或者被监视居住的被告人会见和通信。<br />
<br />
• 根据《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》五十二条,律师提出会见危害国家安全犯罪案件、恐怖活动犯罪案件犯罪嫌疑人申请的,除有碍侦查或者可能泄露国家秘密的情形外办案部门应当在收到申请后三日以内报经县级以上公安机关负责人批准,作出许可的决定。有碍侦查或者可能泄露国家秘密的情形消失后,公安机关应当许可会见。<br />
<br />
'''有权为当事人提起申诉、控告(刑事诉讼法:第 38 条)'''<br />
<br />
• 第三十八条辩护律师在侦查期间可以为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律帮助;代理申诉、控告;申请变更强制措施;向侦查机关了解犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌的罪名和案件有关情况, 提出意见。<br />
<br />
• 《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》第四十二条律师可以从事下列业务: 为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律帮助、代理申诉、控告。<br />
<br />
'''有权代理当事人申请取保侯审(刑事诉讼法:第 67,97 条)'''<br />
<br />
<br />
• 第六十七条 人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,可以取保候审:<br />
<br />
(一)可能判处管制、拘役或者独立适用附加刑的; <br />
<br />
(二)可能判处有期徒刑以上刑罚,采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的; <br />
<br />
(三)患有严重疾病、生活不能自理,怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女,采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的;<br />
<br />
(四)羁押期限届满,案件尚未办结,需要采取取保候审的。取保候审由公安机关执行。<br />
<br />
• 第九十七条规定:“犯罪嫌疑人被逮捕的,聘请的律师可以为其申请取保 候审。”被羁押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属和律师申请取保候审,有权决定的机关应当在七日内作出是否同意的答复。同意取保候审的,依法办理取保候审手续;不同意取保候审的,应当告知申请人,并说明不同意的理由。<br />
<br />
'''阅卷权(刑事诉讼法:第40条;最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的解释第 60 条)'''<br />
<br />
• 第四十条 辩护律师自人民检察院对案件审查起诉之日起,可以查阅、摘抄、复制本案的诉讼文书、技术性鉴定材料。<br />
<br />
• 第六十条 辩护律师直接申请人民法院向证人或者有关单位、个人收集、调取证据材料,人民法院认为确有必要,且不宜或者不能由辩护律师收集、调取的,应当同意。<br />
<br />
'''调查取证权(刑事诉讼法:第40条;律师法第35条)'''<br />
<br />
• 第四十条 辩护律师自人民检察院对案件审查起诉之日起,可以查阅、摘 抄、复制本案的案卷材料。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可,也可以查阅、摘抄、复制上述材料。<br />
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• 第三十五条 律师自行调查取证的,凭律师执业证书和律师事务所证明,可以向有关单位或者个人调查与承办法律事务有关的情况。受刑事案件犯罪 嫌疑人、被告人的委托或者依法接受法律援助机构的指派,担任辩护人,接受自诉案件自诉人、公诉案件被害人或者其近亲属的委托,担任代理人,参加诉讼。<br />
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'''有权对证人发问 (刑事诉讼法第 194 条)'''<br />
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• 第一百九十四条 证人作证,审判人员应当告知他要如实地提供证言和有意作伪证或者隐匿罪证要负的法律责任。公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人经审判长许可,可以对证人、鉴定人发问。审判长认为发问的内容与案件无关的时候,应当制止。<br />
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'''反对控方证人的书面证言,包括警方和鉴定专家的证词 (刑事诉讼法:第 192 条)'''<br />
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• 第一百九十二条 公诉人、当事人或者辩护人、诉讼代理人对证人证言有异议,且该证人证言对案件定罪量刑有重大影响,人民法院认为证人有必要出庭作证的,证人应当出庭作证。人民警察就其执行职务时目击的犯罪情况作为证人出庭作证,适用前款规定。公诉人、当事人或者辩护人、诉讼代理人对鉴定意见有异议,人民法院认为鉴定人有必要出庭的,鉴定人应当出庭作证。 经人民法院通知,鉴定人拒不出庭作证的,鉴定意见不得作为定案的根据。<br />
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'''有权在法庭上发表意见、进行辩论(刑事诉讼法:第 198 条;律师法:第 31 条)'''<br />
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• 第一百九十八条 法庭审理过程中,对与定罪、量刑有关的事实、证据都应当进行调查、辩论。<br />
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• 经审判长许可,公诉人、当事人和辩护人、诉讼代理人可以对证据和案件情况发表意见并且可以互相 辩论。审判长在宣布辩论终结后,被告人有最后陈述的权利。<br />
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• 第三十一条 律师担任刑事辩护人的,应当根据事实和法律,提出证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除其刑事责任的材料和意见,维护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益。<br />
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'''有权提起上诉 (刑事诉讼法:第 227 条)'''<br />
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• 第二百二十七条 被告人、自诉人和他们的法定代理人,不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定,有权用书状或者口头向上一级人民法院上诉。被告人的辩护人和近亲属,经被告人同意,可以提出上诉。 对被告人的上诉权,不得以任何借口加以剥夺。<br />
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'''有权提出申诉 (刑事诉讼法:第 252 条;律师法 第 28(6)条)'''<br />
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• 第二百五十二条 当事人及其法定代理人、近亲属,对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定,可以向人民法院或者人民检察院提出申诉,但是不能停止判决、裁定的执行。<br />
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• 第二十八条 律师可以从事下列业务: (六)接受委托,提供非诉讼法律服务<br />
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'''有权向官员了解当事人涉嫌的罪名 (刑事诉讼法:第 38 条)'''<br />
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第三十八条 辩护律师在侦查期间可以为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律帮助;代理申诉、控告;申请变更强制措施;向侦查机关了解犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌的罪名和案件有关情况,提出意见。<br />
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== '''刑事辩护律师的义务''' ==<br />
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'''律师对当事人的义务:'''<br />
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1.按照《律师执业行为规范(试行)》中的第 7 条和《律师法》第三十一条规 定,律师应当维护当事人合法权益。<br />
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2.《律师法》第 39 条规定,律师不得在同一案件中为双方当事人担任代理人,不 得代理与本人或者其近亲属有利益冲突的法律事务。同时,《律师执业行为规范 (试行)》第 50 条规定当办理委托事务的律师与委托人之间存在利害关系或利 益冲突的,不得承办该业务并应当主动提出回避。<br />
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3.《律师法》第三十八条规定,律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的当事人的商 业秘密,也不得泄漏当事人的隐私。<br />
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4.《律师法》第三十二条规定,律师接受委托后,无正当理由的,不得拒绝辩 护或者代理,但委托事项违法,委托人利用律师提供的服务从事违法活动或者委 托人隐瞒事实的,律师有权拒绝辩护或者代理。<br />
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'''律师对司法机关的义务:'''<br />
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1.《律师法》第三条规定,律师执业必须以事实为根据,以法律为准绳。第四 十条规定,律师不得故意提供虚假证据或者威胁、利诱他人提供虚假证据, 妨碍对方当事人合法取得证据。<br />
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2.《律师法》与《律师和律师事务所违法行为处罚办法》中规定,律师不得违反 规定会见法官、检察官、仲裁员,不得在非工作时间、非工作场所,会见承办案件 的法官、检察官、仲裁员或者其他有关工作人员,或者违反规定单方面会见法官、 检察官、仲裁员或者其他有关工作人员;不得向法官、检察官、仲裁员以及其他有 关工作人员送礼或者行贿,或者指使、诱导当事人行贿;遵守法庭、仲裁庭秩序, 不得干扰诉讼或者仲裁活动的正常进行。<br />
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3.《律师法》第四十一条规定,曾担任法官、检察官的律师,从人民法院、人 民检察院离任后两年内,不得担任诉讼代理人或者辩护人。《法官法》与《检察 官法》均规定,法官与检察官离任后两年内不得以律师身份担任诉讼代理人或者 辩护人,离任后不得担任原任职法院或者检察院办理案件的诉讼代理人或者辩护人。最高人民法院的司法解释《最高人民法院关于审判人员在诉讼活动中执行回 避制度若干问题》第九条规定,审判人员及法院其他工作人员的配偶、子女或者 父母不得担任其所在法院的诉讼代理人或者辩护人。<br />
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4.《律师法》第四十二条规定,律师必须按照国家规定承担法律援助义务,尽职尽责,为受援人提供法律服务。<br />
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'''法律职业共同体在法律援助工作中的义务:'''<br />
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在《关于刑事诉讼法律援助工作的规定》中,进一步明确了公、检、法、司<br />
四机关在法律援助工作中负有的职责,对刑事法律援助律师提供法律援助规定了<br />
如下几个方面的重要内容:<br />
1.详尽的告知义务,公安机关、人民检察院在侦查的初始阶段,法院在受 理案件起诉后,应当尽快告知被追诉人,其享有法律援助的权利。如'''第五条规定''',公安机关、人民检察院在第一次讯问犯罪嫌疑人或者采取强制措施的时候, 应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人,并告知其如果符合本规定第二条规定,本人及其近亲属可以向法律援助机构申请法律援助。对于涉及国家秘密的案件,应当告知犯罪嫌疑人申请法律援助应当经过侦查机关批准。<br />
人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的案件材料之日起3日内,在告知犯罪嫌疑 人有权委托辩护人的同时,应当告知其如果经济困难,可以向法律援助机构申请法律援助;在告知被害人及其法定代理人或者其近亲属有权委托诉讼代理人的同时,应当告知其如果经济困难,可以向法律援助机构申请法律援助。<br />
人民法院对提起公诉的案件自审查完毕之日起3日内,在告知被告人有权委 托辩护人的同时,应当告知其如果经济困难,可以向法律援助机构申请法律援助。<br />
人民法院自受理自诉案件之日起3日内,在告知自诉人及其法定代理人有权 委托诉讼代理人的同时,应当告知其如果经济困难,可以向法律援助机构申请法律援助。<br />
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2.迅速转达法律援助申请的义务,该规定'''第七条'''要求,公安机关、人民检 察院、人民法院在收到被羁押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提出的法律援助申请后,应 当在 24 小时内将其申请转交所在地的法律援助机构,并通知申请人的法定代理 人、近亲属或者其委托的其他人员协助提供有关证件、证明及案件材料。<br />
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3.人民法院便利法律援助实施的有关义务。变更开庭时间的,应于三日前告知刑事法律援助律师(规定第十八条);不开庭审理的案件,接收援助律师的 书面辩护意见。<br />
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4.公安机关、人民检察院的协助义务,该《规定》'''第十条、第十七条'''规定,公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院通知辩护的,应当将通知辩护公函和采取 强制措施决定书、起诉意见书、起诉书、判决书副本或者复印件送交法律援助机 构。通知辩护公函应当载明犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人的姓名、涉嫌的罪名、羁押场 所或者住所、通知辩护的理由、办案机关联系人姓名和联系方式等。在案件侦查 终结前,承办律师提出要求的,侦查机关应当听取其意见,并记录在案。承办律师提出书面意见的,应当附卷。<br />
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5.公检法机关应当减免法律援助律师复制案件材料的费用。</div>Jsalome5https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Rights_and_Obligations_of_Criminal_Defense_LawyersRights and Obligations of Criminal Defense Lawyers2023-08-24T03:08:04Z<p>Jsalome5: </p>
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<div><br />
=== '''A COMPILATION OF RELEVANT STATUTES''' ===<br />
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'''The right of criminal defense lawyers to mount a defense is protected by law (Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Articles 36 and 37)'''<br />
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• Article 36: When serving as a litigant representative or defender, a lawyer’s rights to debate or defend should be protected according to the law.<br />
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• Article 37: In legal practice, a lawyer's right of the person is inviolable.<br />
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'''The right to meet with a client (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 39; Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Article 56)'''<br />
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• Article 39: Defense lawyers can meet and communicate with criminal suspects and defendants in custody. Other defenders may also meet and communicate with criminal suspects and defendants who are in custody with the permission of the People's Court and the People's Procuratorate. Detention centers should promptly arrange meetings no later than 48 hours upon requests from defense lawyers holding a lawyer’s practice certificate, proof from a law firm and a letter of representation or legal aid letter, to meet criminal suspects in custody.<br />
During the investigation period of cases of crimes endangering national security or involving terrorist activities, defense lawyers shall obtain permission from investigating organs before they meet the criminal suspects under custody. Investigating organs should inform the detention centers beforehand.<br />
Defense lawyers can learn of the case circumstances and offer legal consultation during meetings with criminal suspects or defendants in custody; from the date the case is transferred for examination and prosecution, they can verify the relevant evidence with the criminal suspects and defendants. Defense lawyers meeting criminal suspects and defendants should not be monitored or listened in on.<br />
Paragraphs 1, 3, and 4 of the Rules are applicable to defense lawyers meeting and communicating with criminal suspects and defendants under residential surveillance.<br />
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• Article 56 of Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Defense lawyers can meet and communicate with defendants who are in custody or under residential surveillance. Other defenders may also meet and communicate with defendants who are in custody or under residential surveillance with the permission of the people's court.<br />
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• According to Article 52 of the Public Security Organs Procedural Rules for Handling Criminal Cases (2020 Revised Edition), where a defense lawyer applies to meet with a criminal suspect in a case of crimes endangering national security or involving terrorist activities, case-handling departments shall, except in circumstances that hinder the investigation or may reveal state secrets, within three days of receiving the application, report to the persons in charge of public security organs at or above the county level to obtain approval, and to make a decision on permission. In cases involving circumstances that hinder the investigation or may reveal state secrets, the public security organ shall permit the meeting after the circumstances disappear.<br />
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'''The right to file petition and complaints (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 38)'''<br />
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• Article 38: During the investigation period, a defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf, apply for alteration of the compulsory measures, find out from the investigating organ the offense of which the criminal suspect is convicted and the information pertaining to the case, and offer his/her opinions.<br />
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• According to Article 42(3) of Public Security Organs Procedural Rules for Handling Criminal Cases, defense lawyers are allowed to provide legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf.<br />
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'''The right to apply for bail on behalf of the defendant (Criminal Procedure Law: Articles 67 and 97)'''<br />
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• Article 67: A people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ may allow a criminal suspect or defendant under any of the following conditions to be released on bail pending trial:<br />
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1. The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by public surveillance, criminal detention or supplementary punishments separately meted out;<br />
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2. The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, but would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial;<br />
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3. Where the criminal suspect or defendant is suffering from a serious illness and cannot take care of him/herself, or is during pregnancy and breastfeeding period, thus would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial; or<br />
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4. His/her case has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore he/she needs to be released on bail pending trial.<br />
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Release on bail pending trial shall be executed by public security organs.<br />
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• Article 97: A criminal suspect or defendant and his/her statutory representative, close relatives or defender shall be entitled to apply for change of the compulsory measures. The people’s court, people ’s procuratorate and public security organ concerned shall make a decision within three days upon receipt of the application, and shall inform the applicant of the reasons for disapproval of such changes.<br />
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'''The right to consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 40; Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Article 60)'''<br />
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• Article 40: A defense lawyer may, from the date on which the relevant people’s procuratorate begins to examine the case for prosecution, consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials.<br />
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• Article 60: People's courts shall consent where defense lawyers apply directly to the people's court to gather or collect evidence from a witness, unit, or individual, and the people's court finds that it is truly necessary, and further, that it is inappropriate or impossible for the defense lawyer to gather to collect it.<br />
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'''The right to investigate and collect evidence (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 40; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 35)'''<br />
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• Article 40: A defense lawyer may, from the date on which the relevant people’s procuratorate begins to examine the case for prosecution, consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials. Other defenders, with permission of the people’s procuratorate or people’s court, may also consult, excerpt and reproduce the above-mentioned materials.<br />
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• Article 35: When a lawyer investigates to collect evidence for a case on his own, he may, on the strength of his lawyer’s practice certificate and the papers issued by his law firm, inquire of the unit or individual concerned about the legal matters which he has undertaken to handle.<br />
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'''The right to question witnesses (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 194)'''<br />
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• Article 194: Before a witness gives testimony, the judges shall instruct him to give testimony truthfully and explain to him the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence. The public prosecutor, the parties, the defenders and agents ad litem, with the permission of the presiding judge, may question the witnesses and expert witnesses. If the presiding judge considers any questioning irrelevant to the case, he shall put a stop to it.<br />
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'''The right to object to the written testimony of prosecution witnesses, including the testimony of the police and expert experts (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 192)'''<br />
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• Article 192: Where prosecutors, parties, defenders or agents ad litem object to a witness's testimony that has a major bearing on the case verdict or sentencing and the people's courts find that it is necessary for them to testify in court, the witness shall appear in court to testify.<br />
The preceding paragraph applies to people's police appearing in court to testify on criminal circumstances they personally witnessed while carrying out their professional duties.<br />
Where prosecutors, parties, defenders, or agents ad litem object to evaluation opinions and the people's courts find that evaluators need to appear in court, the evaluators shall appear in court to testify. Where upon notice from the people's court, evaluators refuse to appear in court to testify, the evaluation opinion must not be the basis of the verdict.<br />
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'''The right to express defense opinions and debate in court (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 198; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 31)'''<br />
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• Article 198: During court proceedings, all facts and evidence relating to case conviction and sentencing shall be investigated and debated. With the permission of the presiding judge, the public prosecutor, the party concerned, the defender and the agent ad litem may express their views on the evidence and the circumstances of the case and may debate with each other. After the presiding judge has declared the conclusion of the debate, the defendant shall be entitled to make a final statement.<br />
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• Article 31: Lawyers acting as criminal defenders shall, based on facts and laws, submit materials and opinions proving the innocence of the defendant, mitigating, or exempting the defendant from criminal responsibility in accordance with the facts and laws, so as to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the criminal suspect or defendant.<br />
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'''The right to appeal for a trial of second instance (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 227)'''<br />
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• Article 227: If the defendant, private prosecutor or their legal representatives refuse to accept a judgment or order of first instance made by a local People's Court at any level, they shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the People's Court at the next higher level. Defenders or near relatives of the defendant may, with the consent of the defendant, file appeals.<br />
A defendant shall not be deprived on any pretext of his right to appeal.<br />
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'''The right to file petition for reconsideration (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 252; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 28 (6))'''<br />
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• Article 252: A party or his legal representative or his close relative may present a petition to a People's Court or a People's Procuratorate regarding a legally effective judgment or order, however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.<br />
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• Article 28 (6): Accept authorization to provide non-litigation legal services<br />
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'''The right to know the offense of which the criminal suspect is accused (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 38)'''<br />
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• Article 38: During the investigation period, a defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf, apply for alteration of the compulsory measures, find out from the investigating organ the offense of which the criminal suspect is charged and the information pertaining to the case, and offer his/her opinions.<br />
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=== '''DUTIES OF A CRIMINAL DEFENDER''' ===<br />
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'''Duties of the lawyer to the client:'''<br />
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1. A lawyer owes a duty to protect the lawful rights and interests of their client. This is found in Article 7 of the ''Lawyers’ Practice Code of Conduct'' (''Provisional''), and Article 31 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers.<br />
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2. A lawyer must act in the best interest of the client. Article 39 of ''Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'' specifies that a lawyer shall not represent the two parties of one case at the same time. Additionally, Article 50 of the ''Lawyers’ Practice Code of Conduct'' (''Provisional'') provides that when a lawyer handles a matter in which he or she may have an interest, or has a conflict of interest with the client, he or she must not undertake that matter and shall voluntarily offer to withdraw.<br />
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3. According to article 38 of the ''Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', a lawyer shall keep the information that is known by him which the client and other persons are reluctant to disclose confidential.<br />
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4. According to article 32 of the ''Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', after accepting authorization, a lawyer shall not refuse to defend or represent a client without good reasons. However, if the authorized matter violates the law, the client makes use of the services provided by the lawyer to engage in illegal activities or deliberately conceals a material fact related to the case, the lawyer shall have right to refuse to defend or represent the client.<br />
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'''Duties of lawyers to judicial authorities'''<br />
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1. According to article 3 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers, in practicing law, a lawyer must take fact as the basis and take law as the criterion. According to article 40, a lawyer shall not intentionally provide false evidence or threaten or induce others to provide false evidence, or obstruct the opposite party's legal obtaining of evidence.<br />
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2. According to the ''Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'' and ''the Measures for Punishing Outraging Lawyers'' and Law Firms for Their Illegal Acts (2010), a lawyer shall not meet a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer in violation of provisions, or affect the handling of a case according to law by a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer by illicit means; a lawyer shall not bribe a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer, instructing or inducing a party to bribe the same, or affecting the handling of a case according to law by a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer by any other illicit means;<br />
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a lawyer shall not disrupt the order of a court or arbitral tribunal, or interfere with the normal conduct of litigation or arbitration.<br />
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3. According article 41 of ''the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', a lawyer who once served as a judge or prosecutor shall not act as an agent ad litem or defender within two years after leaving his post in the people's court or the people's procuratorate. According to the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China and the Public Procurators Law of the People's Republic of China. According to Article 9 of the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the Withdrawal System of Judges in Litigation Activities, a judge, any other relevant staffer and their spouse, child or parent shall not be agent ad litem or defender in their court.<br />
<br />
4. According to article 42 of ''the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', lawyers and law firms shall perform their obligations of legal aid according to the state provisions, provide the aided persons with standard legal services, and protect the legal rights and interests of the aided persons.<br />
<br />
'''Duties of the Legal Sector in Legal Aid Work'''<br />
<br />
In the Notice on Issuing the Provisions on the Legal Aid in Criminal Action, the responsibilities of the public, procuratorate, law, and the judicial organs in legal aid work have been established. The provision regarding criminal defenders and legal aid work are as follows:<br />
<br />
1. According to Article 5, when the public security organ or the people’s procuratorate interrogates a criminal suspect for the first time or takes compulsory measures, it shall inform the criminal suspect that he has the right to appoint a defender, and inform him that if he meets the requirements of Article 2 of these regulations, the criminal suspect and his close relatives can apply for legal aid from a legal aid agency. For cases involving state secrets, the criminal suspect should be informed that the application for legal aid should be approved by the investigative agency. The people's procuratorate shall, within three days after receiving materials of the case that is transferred for examination and prosecution, notify the criminal suspect of the right to authorize a defender, and that if he complies with the provisions of Article 2 of these Provisions, he or she or the close relative may apply to a legal aid institution for legal aid; shall notify a victim or the legal representative or close relative thereof of the right to authorize a litigation representative and that, in the case of any economic difficulties, he or she may apply to a legal aid institution for legal aid.<br />
<br />
2. According to article 7, public security organs, people’s procuratorates, and people’s courts shall apply for legal aid within 24 hours after receiving legal aid applications from criminal suspects or defendants in custody. Transfer it to the local legal aid agency, and notify the applicant's legal representative, close relatives or other personnel entrusted by him to assist in providing relevant case materials.<br />
<br />
3. The people's courts also have the duty to facilitate the implementation of legal aid. In case the time of the court session is rescheduled, the criminal legal aid lawyer shall be notified three days in advance (Article 18); for cases that are not tried in court, a written defense opinion from the legal aid lawyer shall be accepted.<br />
<br />
4. Public security organs and people’s procuratorates have the obligation to assist in legal aid procedures. According to articles 10 and 17, if the public security organs, people’s procuratorates, and people’s courts are giving a notice of appearance, they shall hand in the official notice of appearance letter, prosecution opinions, indictments, copies or photocopies of judgments to the legal aid agency. The official letter of appearance shall contain the name of the criminal suspect or defendant, the suspected crime, the place of detention or residence, the reason for the letter of appearance the name and contact information of the contact person of the case-handling agency, etc. Before the conclusion of the investigation of the case, if the undertaking lawyer makes a request, the investigating agency shall listen to his opinions and record the case. If the undertaking lawyer puts forward a written opinion, it shall be attached to the file.<br />
<br />
5. The public, procuratorate and legal organs should reduce or exempt the cost incurred by legal aid lawyers for copying case materials.</div>Jsalome5https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=A_Compilation_of_Relevant_StatueA Compilation of Relevant Statue2023-08-24T01:17:39Z<p>Jsalome5: </p>
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<div>=== '''A COMPILATION OF RELEVANT STATUTES'''===<br />
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'''The right of criminal defense lawyers to mount a defense is protected by law (Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Articles 36 and 37)''' <br />
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• Article 36: When serving as a litigant representative or defender, a lawyer’s rights to debate or defend should be protected according to the law.<br />
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• Article 37: In legal practice, a lawyer's right of the person is inviolable.<br />
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'''The right to meet with a client (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 39; Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Article 56)'''<br />
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• Article 39: Defense lawyers can meet and communicate with criminal suspects and defendants in custody. Other defenders may also meet and communicate with criminal suspects and defendants who are in custody with the permission of the People's Court and the People's Procuratorate. Detention centers should promptly arrange meetings no later than 48 hours upon requests from defense lawyers holding a lawyer’s practice certificate, proof from a law firm and a letter of representation or legal aid letter, to meet criminal suspects in custody.<br />
During the investigation period of cases of crimes endangering national security or involving terrorist activities, defense lawyers shall obtain permission from investigating organs before they meet the criminal suspects under custody. Investigating organs should inform the detention centers beforehand.<br />
Defense lawyers can learn of the case circumstances and offer legal consultation during meetings with criminal suspects or defendants in custody; from the date the case is transferred for examination and prosecution, they can verify the relevant evidence with the criminal suspects and defendants. Defense lawyers meeting criminal suspects and defendants should not be monitored or listened in on.<br />
Paragraphs 1, 3, and 4 of the Rules are applicable to defense lawyers meeting and communicating with criminal suspects and defendants under residential surveillance.<br />
<br />
• Article 56 of Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Defense lawyers can meet and communicate with defendants who are in custody or under residential surveillance. Other defenders may also meet and communicate with defendants who are in custody or under residential surveillance with the permission of the people's court.<br />
<br />
• According to Article 52 of the Public Security Organs Procedural Rules for Handling Criminal Cases (2020 Revised Edition), where a defense lawyer applies to meet with a criminal suspect in a case of crimes endangering national security or involving terrorist activities, case-handling departments shall, except in circumstances that hinder the investigation or may reveal state secrets, within three days of receiving the application, report to the persons in charge of public security organs at or above the county level to obtain approval, and to make a decision on permission. In cases involving circumstances that hinder the investigation or may reveal state secrets, the public security organ shall permit the meeting after the circumstances disappear.<br />
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'''The right to file petition and complaints (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 38)'''<br />
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• Article 38: During the investigation period, a defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf, apply for alteration of the compulsory measures, find out from the investigating organ the offense of which the criminal suspect is convicted and the information pertaining to the case, and offer his/her opinions.<br />
• According to Article 42(3) of Public Security Organs Procedural Rules for Handling Criminal Cases, defense lawyers are allowed to provide legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf.<br />
<br />
'''The right to apply for bail on behalf of the defendant (Criminal Procedure Law: Articles 67 and 97)'''<br />
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• Article 67: A people’s court, people’s procuratorate and public security organ may allow a criminal suspect or defendant under any of the following conditions to be released on bail pending trial:<br />
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1. The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by public surveillance, criminal detention or supplementary punishments separately meted out;<br />
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2. The criminal suspect or defendant commits a crime punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, but would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial;<br />
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3. Where the criminal suspect or defendant is suffering from a serious illness and cannot take care of him/herself, or is during pregnancy and breastfeeding period, thus would not pose a threat to the society if he/she is released on bail pending trial; or<br />
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4. His/her case has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore he/she needs to be released on bail pending trial.<br />
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Release on bail pending trial shall be executed by public security organs.<br />
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• Article 97: A criminal suspect or defendant and his/her statutory representative, close relatives or defender shall be entitled to apply for change of the compulsory measures. The people’s court, people ’s procuratorate and public security organ concerned shall make a decision within three days upon receipt of the application, and shall inform the applicant of the reasons for disapproval of such changes.<br />
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'''The right to consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 40; Interpretation on the Application of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC", Supreme People’s Court, 2021: Article 60)'''<br />
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• Article 40: A defense lawyer may, from the date on which the relevant people’s procuratorate begins to examine the case for prosecution, consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials.<br />
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• Article 60: People's courts shall consent where defense lawyers apply directly to the people's court to gather or collect evidence from a witness, unit, or individual, and the people's court finds that it is truly necessary, and further, that it is inappropriate or impossible for the defense lawyer to gather to collect it.<br />
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'''The right to investigate and collect evidence (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 40; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 35)'''<br />
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• Article 40: A defense lawyer may, from the date on which the relevant people’s procuratorate begins to examine the case for prosecution, consult, excerpt and reproduce the case file materials. Other defenders, with permission of the people’s procuratorate or people’s court, may also consult, excerpt and reproduce the above-mentioned materials.<br />
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• Article 35: When a lawyer investigates to collect evidence for a case on his own, he may, on the strength of his lawyer’s practice certificate and the papers issued by his law firm, inquire of the unit or individual concerned about the legal matters which he has undertaken to handle.<br />
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'''The right to question witnesses (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 194)'''<br />
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• Article 194: Before a witness gives testimony, the judges shall instruct him to give testimony truthfully and explain to him the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence. The public prosecutor, the parties, the defenders and agents ad litem, with the permission of the presiding judge, may question the witnesses and expert witnesses. If the presiding judge considers any questioning irrelevant to the case, he shall put a stop to it.<br />
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'''The right to object to the written testimony of prosecution witnesses, including the testimony of the police and expert experts (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 192)'''<br />
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• Article 192: Where prosecutors, parties, defenders or agents ad litem object to a witness's testimony that has a major bearing on the case verdict or sentencing and the people's courts find that it is necessary for them to testify in court, the witness shall appear in court to testify.<br />
The preceding paragraph applies to people's police appearing in court to testify on criminal circumstances they personally witnessed while carrying out their professional duties.<br />
Where prosecutors, parties, defenders, or agents ad litem object to evaluation opinions and the people's courts find that evaluators need to appear in court, the evaluators shall appear in court to testify. Where upon notice from the people's court, evaluators refuse to appear in court to testify, the evaluation opinion must not be the basis of the verdict.<br />
<br />
'''The right to express defense opinions and debate in court (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 198; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 31)'''<br />
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• Article 198: During court proceedings, all facts and evidence relating to case conviction and sentencing shall be investigated and debated. With the permission of the presiding judge, the public prosecutor, the party concerned, the defender and the agent ad litem may express their views on the evidence and the circumstances of the case and may debate with each other. After the presiding judge has declared the conclusion of the debate, the defendant shall be entitled to make a final statement.<br />
• Article 31: Lawyers acting as criminal defenders shall, based on facts and laws, submit materials and opinions proving the innocence of the defendant, mitigating, or exempting the defendant from criminal responsibility in accordance with the facts and laws, so as to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the criminal suspect or defendant.<br />
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'''The right to appeal for a trial of second instance (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 227)'''<br />
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• Article 227: If the defendant, private prosecutor or their legal representatives refuse to accept a judgment or order of first instance made by a local People's Court at any level, they shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the People's Court at the next higher level. Defenders or near relatives of the defendant may, with the consent of the defendant, file appeals.<br />
A defendant shall not be deprived on any pretext of his right to appeal.<br />
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'''The right to file petition for reconsideration (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 252; Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers: Article 28 (6))'''<br />
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• Article 252: A party or his legal representative or his close relative may present a petition to a People's Court or a People's Procuratorate regarding a legally effective judgment or order, however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.<br />
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• Article 28 (6): Accept authorization to provide non-litigation legal services<br />
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'''The right to know the offense of which the criminal suspect is accused (Criminal Procedure Law: Article 38)'''<br />
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• Article 38: During the investigation period, a defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal aid, file petitions and complaints on the suspect's behalf, apply for alteration of the compulsory measures, find out from the investigating organ the offense of which the criminal suspect is charged and the information pertaining to the case, and offer his/her opinions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== '''DUTIES OF A CRIMINAL DEFENDER''' ===<br />
<br />
'''Duties of the lawyer to the client:'''<br />
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1. A lawyer owes a duty to protect the lawful rights and interests of their client. This is found in Article 7 of the Lawyers’ Practice Code of Conduct (Provisional), and Article 31 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers.<br />
2. A lawyer must act in the best interest of the client. Article 39 of ''Law of the People's Republic of China'' on Lawyers specifies that a lawyer shall not represent the two parties of one case at the same time. Additionally, Article 50 of the ''Lawyers’ Practice Code of Conduct'' (''Provisional'') provides that when a lawyer handles a matter in which he or she may have an interest, or has a conflict of interest with the client, he or she must not undertake that matter and shall voluntarily offer to withdraw.<br />
3. According to article 38 of the Law of the ''People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', a lawyer shall keep the information that is known by him which the client and other persons are reluctant to disclose confidential.<br />
4. According to article 32 of the ''Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers'', after accepting authorization, a lawyer shall not refuse to defend or represent a client without good reasons. However, if the authorized matter violates the law, the client makes use of the services provided by the lawyer to engage in illegal activities or deliberately conceals a material fact related to the case, the lawyer shall have right to refuse to defend or represent the client.<br />
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'''Duties of lawyers to judicial authorities'''<br />
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1. According to article 3 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers, in practicing law, a lawyer must take fact as the basis and take law as the criterion. According to article 40, a lawyer shall not intentionally provide false evidence or threaten or induce others to provide false evidence, or obstruct the opposite party's legal obtaining of evidence.<br />
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2. According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers and the Measures for Punishing Outraging Lawyers and Law Firms for Their Illegal Acts (2010), a lawyer shall not meet a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer in violation of provisions, or affect the handling of a case according to law by a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer by illicit means; a lawyer shall not bribe a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer, instructing or inducing a party to bribe the same, or affecting the handling of a case according to law by a judge, prosecutor, arbitrator or any other relevant staffer by any other illicit means; a lawyer shall not disrupt the order of a court or arbitral tribunal, or interfere with the normal conduct of litigation or arbitration.<br />
<br />
3. According article 41 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers, a lawyer who once served as a judge or prosecutor shall not act as an agent ad litem or defender within two years after leaving his post in the people's court or the people's procuratorate. According to the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China and the Public Procurators Law of the People's Republic of China. According to Article 9 of the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the Withdrawal System of Judges in Litigation Activities, a judge, any other relevant staffer and their spouse, child or parent shall not be agent ad litem or defender in their court.<br />
<br />
4. According to article 42 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Lawyers, lawyers and law firms shall perform their obligations of legal aid according to the state provisions, provide the aided persons with standard legal services, and protect the legal rights and interests of the aided persons.<br />
<br />
'''Duties of the Legal Sector in Legal Aid Work'''<br />
<br />
In the Notice on Issuing the Provisions on the Legal Aid in Criminal Action, the responsibilities of the public, procuratorate, law, and the judicial organs in legal aid work have been established. The provision regarding criminal defenders and legal aid work are as follows:<br />
<br />
1. According to Article 5, when the public security organ or the people’s procuratorate interrogates a criminal suspect for the first time or takes compulsory measures, it shall inform the criminal suspect that he has the right to appoint a defender, and inform him that if he meets the requirements of Article 2 of these regulations, the criminal suspect and his close relatives can apply for legal aid from a legal aid agency. For cases involving state secrets, the criminal suspect should be informed that the application for legal aid should be approved by the investigative agency. The people's procuratorate shall, within three days after receiving materials of the case that is transferred for examination and prosecution, notify the criminal suspect of the right to authorize a defender, and that if he complies with the provisions of Article 2 of these Provisions, he or she or the close relative may apply to a legal aid institution for legal aid; shall notify a victim or the legal representative or close relative thereof of the right to authorize a litigation representative and that, in the case of any economic difficulties, he or she may apply to a legal aid institution for legal aid.<br />
<br />
2. According to article 7, public security organs, people’s procuratorates, and people’s courts shall apply for legal aid within 24 hours after receiving legal aid applications from criminal suspects or defendants in custody. Transfer it to the local legal aid agency, and notify the applicant's legal representative, close relatives or other personnel entrusted by him to assist in providing relevant case materials.<br />
<br />
3. The people's courts also have the duty to facilitate the implementation of legal aid. In case the time of the court session is rescheduled, the criminal legal aid lawyer shall be notified three days in advance (Article 18); for cases that are not tried in court, a written defense opinion from the legal aid lawyer shall be accepted.<br />
<br />
4. Public security organs and people’s procuratorates have the obligation to assist in legal aid procedures. According to articles 10 and 17, if the public security organs, people’s procuratorates, and people’s courts are giving a notice of appearance, they shall hand in the official notice of appearance letter, prosecution opinions, indictments, copies or photocopies of judgments to the legal aid agency. The official letter of appearance shall contain the name of the criminal suspect or defendant, the suspected crime, the place of detention or residence, the reason for the letter of appearance the name and contact information of the contact person of the case-handling agency, etc. Before the conclusion of the investigation of the case, if the undertaking lawyer makes a request, the investigating agency shall listen to his opinions and record the case. If the undertaking lawyer puts forward a written opinion, it shall be attached to the file.<br />
<br />
5. The public, procuratorate and legal organs should reduce or exempt the cost incurred by legal aid lawyers for copying case materials.</div>Jsalome5https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=TestTest2023-08-23T13:28:44Z<p>Jsalome5: Created page with "test more"</p>
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