Difference between revisions of "Convention Against Torture"

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CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE
+
{{Languages|Convention Against Torture}}
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and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
 
−
Treatment or Punishment
 
  
 +
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984. Entered into force on June 26, 1987.
  
−
The States Parties to this Convention,
+
= Relevant Provisions of the Convention Against Torture =
 +
==== Article 1 - Definition of Torture ====
 +
The term “torture” means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.
  
−
Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
+
==== Article 2 ====
 +
Each state party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measure to prevent torture. No exceptional circumstances, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency may be invoked as justification of torture. An order from a superior officer or public authority may not be invoked as justification of torture.
  
−
Recognizing that those rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,
+
==== Article 3 ====
 +
No state party shall extradite a person to another state where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subject to torture. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the state concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.
  
−
Considering the obligation of States under the Charter, in particular Article 55, to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
+
==== Article 4 ====
−
Having regard to article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, both of which provide that no one may be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,
+
Each state party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under criminal law. The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture. Each state party shall make these offences punishable by appropriate penalties which take into account their grave nature.
  
−
Having regard also to the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 1975 (resolution 3452 (XXX)),
+
==== Article 6 ====
 +
Any person in custody shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national.
  
−
Desiring to make more effective the struggle against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment throughout the world,
+
==== Article 7 ====
 +
Persons alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 are entitled to fair treatment at all stages of proceedings.
  
−
Have agreed as follows:
+
==== Article 10 ====
 +
Each State Party shall ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment.
  
−
Part I
+
==== Article 13 ====
−
Article 1
+
Each State Party shall ensure that any individual who alleged he has been subjected to torture in any territory under its jurisdiction has the right to complain to, and to have his case promptly and impartially examined by, its competent authorities. Steps shall be taken to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any given evidence.  
−
*1. For the purposes of this Convention, torture means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.
 
−
*2. This article is without prejudice to any international instrument or national legislation which does or may contain provisions of wider application.  
 
  
−
Article 2
+
==== Article 14 ====
−
*1. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction.
+
Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. If the victim is dead as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation.  
−
*2. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat or war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.
 
−
*3. An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.  
 
  
−
Article 3
+
==== Article 15 ====
−
*1. No State Party shall expel, return ("refouler") or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.
+
Each State Party shall ensure that any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.  
−
*2. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.  
 
  
−
Article 4
 
−
*1. Each State Party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law. The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture.
 
−
*2. Each State Party shall make these offences punishable by appropriate penalties which take into account their grave nature.
 
  
−
Article 5
+
= Status of Signature, Ratification and Accession to the Convention Against Torture =
−
*1. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences referred to in article 4 in the following cases:
+
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
−
**1. When the offences are committed in any territory under its jurisdiction or on board a ship or aircraft registered in that State;
+
|-
−
**2. When the alleged offender is a national of that State;
+
! Country
−
**3. When the victim was a national of that State if that State considers it appropriate.
+
! Signature
−
*2. Each State Party shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over such offences in cases where the alleged offender is present in any territory under its jurisdiction and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in Paragraph 1 of this article.
+
! Ratification/Accession
−
*3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with internal law.
+
|-
 +
| Afghanistan
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 1 April 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Albania
 +
| -
 +
| 11 May 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Algeria
 +
| 26 November 1985
 +
| 12 September 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Andorra
 +
| 5 August 2002
 +
| 22 September 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Antigua and Barbuda
 +
| -
 +
| 19 July 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Argentina
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 24 September 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Armenia
 +
| -
 +
| 13 September 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Australia
 +
| 10 December 1985
 +
| 8 August 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Austria
 +
| 14 March 1985
 +
| 29 July 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Azerbaijan
 +
| -
 +
| 16 August 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Bahamas
 +
| 16 December 2008
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Bahrain
 +
| -
 +
| 6 March 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Bangladesh
 +
| -
 +
| 5 October 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Belarus
 +
| 19 December 1985
 +
| 13 March 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Belgium
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 25 June 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Belize
 +
| -
 +
| 17 March 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Benin
 +
| -
 +
|12 March 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Bolivia
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
|  12 April 1999
 +
|-
 +
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
 +
| -
 +
| 1 September 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Botswana
 +
| 8 September 2000
 +
| 8 September 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Brazil
 +
| 23 September 1985
 +
| 28 September 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Bulgaria
 +
| 10 June 1986
 +
| 16 December 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Burkina Faso
 +
| -
 +
| 4 January 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Burundi
 +
| -
 +
| 18 February 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Cambodia
 +
| -
 +
| 15 October 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Cameroon
 +
| -
 +
| 19 December 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Canada
 +
| 23 August 1985
 +
| 24 June 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Cape Verde
 +
| -
 +
| 4 June 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Chad
 +
| -
 +
| 9 June 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Chile
 +
| 23 September 1987
 +
| 30 September 1988
 +
|-
 +
| China
 +
| 12 December 1986
 +
| 4 October 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Colombia
 +
| 10 April 1985
 +
| 8 December 1987
  
−
Article 6
+
|-
−
*1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present, shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted.
+
| Comoros
−
*2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts.
+
| 22 September 2000
−
*3. Any person in custody pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national, or, if he is a stateless person, to the representative of the State where he usually resides.
+
| -
−
*4. When a State, pursuant to this article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify the States referred to in article 5, paragraph 1, of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention. The State which makes the preliminary inquiry contemplated in paragraph 2 of this article shall promptly report its findings to the said State and shall indicate whether it intends to exercise jurisdiction.  
+
|-
 +
| Congo
 +
| -
 +
| 30 July 2003
 +
|-
 +
| Costa Rica
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 11 November 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Ivory Coast
 +
| -
 +
| 18 December 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Croatia
 +
| -
 +
| 12 October 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Cuba
 +
| 27 January 1986
 +
| 17 May 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Cyprus
 +
| 9 October 1985
 +
| 18 July 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Czech Republic
 +
| -
 +
| 22 February 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
 +
| -
 +
| 18 March 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Denmark
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 27 May 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Djibouti
 +
| -
 +
| 5 November 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Dominican Republic
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Ecuador
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 30 March 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Egypt
 +
| -
 +
| 25 June 1986
 +
|-
 +
| El Salvador
 +
| -
 +
| 17 June 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Equatorial Guinea
 +
| -
 +
| 8 October 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Estonia
 +
| -
 +
| 21 October 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Ethiopia
 +
| -
 +
| 14 March 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Finland
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 30 August 1989
 +
|-
 +
| France
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 18 February 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Gabon
 +
| 21 January 1986
 +
| 8 September 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Gambia
 +
| 23 October 1985
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Georgia
 +
| -
 +
| 26 October 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Germany
 +
| 13 October 1986
 +
| 1 October 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Ghana
 +
| 7 September 2000
 +
| 7 September 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Greece
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 6 October 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Guatemala
 +
| -
 +
| 5 January 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea
 +
| 30 May 1986
 +
| 10 October 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea Bissau
 +
| 12 September 2000
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Guyana
 +
| 25 January 1988
 +
| 19 May 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Holy See
 +
| -
 +
| 26 June 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Honduras
 +
| -
 +
| 5 December 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Hungary
 +
| 28 November 1986
 +
| 15 April 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Iceland
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 23 October 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Iraq
 +
| -
 +
| 7 July 2011
 +
|-
 +
| Ireland
 +
| 28 September 1992
 +
| 11 April 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Israel
 +
| 22 October 1986
 +
| 3 October 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Italy
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 12 January 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Japan
 +
| -
 +
| 29 June 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Jordan
 +
| -
 +
| 13 November 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Kazakhstan
 +
| -
 +
| 26 August 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Kenya
 +
| -
 +
| 21 February 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Kuwait
 +
| -
 +
| 8 March 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Kyrgyzstan
 +
| -
 +
| 5 September 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Lao People's Democratic Republic
 +
| 21 September 2010
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Latvia
 +
| -
 +
| 14 April 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Lebanon
 +
| -
 +
| 5 October 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Lesotho
 +
| -
 +
| 12 November 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Liberia
 +
| -
 +
| 22 September 2004
 +
|-
 +
| Libyan Ara Jamahiriya
 +
| -
 +
| 16 May 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Liechtenstien
 +
| 27 June 1985
 +
| 2 November 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Lithuania
 +
| -
 +
| 1 February 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Luxembourg
 +
| 22 February 1985
 +
| 29 September 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Magadascar
 +
| 1 October 2001
 +
| 13 December 2005
 +
|-
 +
| Malawi
 +
| -
 +
| 11 June 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Maldives
 +
| -
 +
| 20 April 2004
 +
|-
 +
| Mali
 +
| -
 +
| 26 February 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Malta
 +
| -
 +
| 13 September 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Mauritania
 +
| -
 +
| 17 November 2004
 +
|-
 +
| Mexico
 +
| 18 March 1985
 +
| 23 January 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Monaco
 +
| -
 +
| 6 December 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Mongolia
 +
| -
 +
| 24 January 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Montenegro
 +
| -
 +
| 23 October 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Morocco
 +
| 8 January 1986
 +
| 21 June 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Mozambique
 +
| -
 +
| 14 September 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Namibia
 +
| -
 +
| 28 November 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Nauru
 +
| 12 November 2001
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Nepal
 +
| -
 +
| 14 May 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Netherlands
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 21 December 1988
 +
|-
 +
| New Zealand
 +
| 14 January 1986
 +
| 10 December 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Nicaragua
 +
| 15 April 1985
 +
| 5 July 2005
 +
|-
 +
| Niger
 +
| -
 +
| 5 October 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Nigeria
 +
| 28 July 1988
 +
| 28 June 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Norway
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 9 July 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Pakistan
 +
| 17 April 2008
 +
| 23 June 2010
 +
|-
 +
| Palau
 +
| 20 September 2011
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Panama
 +
| 22 February 1985
 +
| 24 August 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Paraguay
 +
| 23 October 1989
 +
| 12 March 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Peru
 +
| 29 May 1985
 +
| 7 July 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Philippines
 +
| -
 +
| 18 June 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Poland
 +
| 13 January 1986
 +
| 26 July 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Portugal
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 9 February 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Qatar
 +
| -
 +
| 11 January 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Republic of Korea
 +
| -
 +
| 9 January 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Republic of Moldova
 +
| -
 +
| 28 November 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Romania
 +
| -
 +
| 18 December 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Russian Federation
 +
| 10 December 1985
 +
| 3 March 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Rwanda
 +
| -
 +
| 15 December 2008
 +
|-
 +
| San Marino
 +
| 18 September 2002
 +
| 27 November 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Sao Tome and Principe
 +
| 6 September 2000
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Saudi Arabia
 +
| -
 +
| 23 September 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Senegal
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 21 August 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Serbia
 +
| -
 +
| 12 March 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Seychelles
 +
| -
 +
| 5 May 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Sierra Leone
 +
| 18 March 1985
 +
| 25 April 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Slovakia
 +
| -
 +
| 28 May 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Slovenia
 +
| -
 +
| 16 July 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Somalia
 +
| -
 +
| 24 January 1990
 +
|-
 +
| South Africa
 +
| 29 January 1993
 +
| 10December1998
 +
|-
 +
| Spain
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 21 October 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Sri Lanka
 +
| -
 +
| 3 January 1994
 +
|-
 +
| St Vincent and the Grenadines
 +
| -
 +
| 1 August 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Sudan
 +
| 4 June 1986
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Swaziland
 +
| -
 +
| 26 March 2004
 +
|-
 +
| Sweden
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 8 January 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Switzerland
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 2 December 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Syrian Arab Republic
 +
| -
 +
| 19 August 2004
 +
|-
 +
| Tajikistan
 +
| -
 +
| 11 January 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Thailand
 +
| -
 +
| 2 October 2007
 +
|-
 +
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
 +
| -
 +
| 12 December 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Timor Leste
 +
| -
 +
| 16 April 2003
 +
|-
 +
| Togo
 +
| 25 March 1987
 +
| 18 November 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Tunisia
 +
| 26 August 1987
 +
| 23 September 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Turkey
 +
| 25 January 1988
 +
| 2 August 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Turkmenistan
 +
| -
 +
| 25 June 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Uganda
 +
| -
 +
| 3 November 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Ukraine
 +
| 27 February 1986
 +
| 24 February 1987
 +
|-
 +
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 +
| 15 March 1985
 +
| 8 December 1988
 +
|-
 +
| United State of America
 +
| 18 April 1988
 +
| 21 October 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Uruguay
 +
| 4 February 1985
 +
| 24 October 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Uzbekistan
 +
| -
 +
| 28 September 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Vanuatu
 +
| -
 +
| 12 July 2011
 +
|-
 +
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
 +
| 15 February 1985
 +
| 29 July 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Yemen
 +
| -
 +
| 5 November 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Zambia
 +
| -
 +
| 7 October 1998
 +
|}
 +
   
 +
([[Media:cat_signatories.pdf | signatures]])
  
−
Article 7
+
----
−
*1. The State Party in territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is found, shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.
+
See [[International Law]]
−
*2. These authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any ordinary offence of a serious nature under the law of that State. In the cases referred to in article 5, paragraph 2, the standards of evidence required for prosecution and conviction shall in no way be less stringent than those which apply in the cases referred to in article 5, paragraph 1.
 
−
*3. Any person regarding whom proceedings are brought in connection with any of the offences referred to in article 4 shall be guaranteed fair treatment at all stages of the proceedings.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 8
 
−
*1. The offences referred to in article 4 shall be deemed to be included as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties. States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them.
 
−
*2. If a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of such offenses. Extradition shall be subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State.
 
−
*3. States Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize such offences as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested state.
 
−
*4. Such offences shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between States Parties, as if they had been committed not only in the place in which they occurred but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 9
 
−
*1. States Parties shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with civil proceedings brought in respect of any of the offences referred to in article 4, including the supply of all evidence at their disposal necessary for the proceedings.
 
−
*2. States Parties shall carry out their obligations under paragraph 1 of this article in conformity with any treaties on mutual judicial assistance that may exist between them.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 10
 
−
*1. Each State Party shall ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment.
 
−
*2. Each State Party shall include this prohibition in the rules or instructions issued in regard to the duties and functions of any such persons.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 11
 
−
Each State Party shall keep under systematic review interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices as well as arrangements for the custody and treatment of persons subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment in any territory under its jurisdiction, with a view to preventing any cases of torture.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 12
 
−
Each State Party shall ensure that its competent authorities proceed to a prompt and impartial investigation, wherever there is reasonable ground to believe that an act of torture has been committee in any territory under its jurisdiction.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 13
 
−
Each State Party shall ensure that any individual who alleges he has been subjected to torture in any territory under its jurisdiction has the right to complain to and to have his case promptly and impartially examined its competent authorities. Steps shall be taken to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any evidence given.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 14
 
−
*1. Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependents shall be entitled to compensation.
 
−
*2. Nothing in this article shall affect any right of the victim or other person to compensation which may exist under national law.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 15
 
−
Each State Party shall ensure that any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 16
 
−
*1. Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture as defined in article 1, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture or references to other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
 
−
*2. The provisions of this Convention are without prejudice to the provisions of any other international instrument or national law which prohibit cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or which relate to extradition or expulsion.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 17
 
−
*1. There shall be established a Committee against Torture (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided. The Committee shall consist of 10 experts of high moral standing and recognized competence in the field of human rights, who shall serve in their personal capacity. The experts shall be elected by the States Parties, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution and to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience.
 
−
*2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each State Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals. States Parties shall bear in mind the usefulness of nominating persons who are also members of the Human Rights Committee established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and are willing to serve on the Committee against Torture.
 
−
*3. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at biennial meetings of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At those meetings, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.
 
−
*4. The initial election shall be held no later than six months after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. At least four months before the date of each election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within three months. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties.
 
−
*5. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated. However, the term of five of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately after the first election the names of these five members shall be chosen by lot by the chairman of the meeting referred to in paragraph 3.
 
−
*6. If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or for any other cause can no longer perform his Committee duties, the State Party which nominated him shall appoint another expert from among its nationals to serve for the remainder of his term, subject to the approval of the majority of the States Parties. The approval shall be considered given unless half or more of the States Parties respond negatively within six weeks after having been informed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the proposed appointment.
 
−
*7. States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the members of the Committee while they are in performance of Committee duties.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 18
 
−
*1. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. They may be re-elected.
 
−
*2. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure, but these rules shall provide, inter alia, that
 
−
**1. Six members shall constitute a quorum;
 
−
**2. Decisions of the Committee shall be made by a majority vote of the members present.
 
−
*3. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the Committee under this Convention.
 
−
*4. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene the initial meeting of the Committee. After its initial meeting, the Committee shall meet at such times as shall be provided in its rules of procedure.
 
−
*5. The State Parties shall be responsible for expenses incurred in connection with the holding of meetings of the States Parties and of the Committee, including reimbursement of the United Nations for any expenses, such as the cost of staff and facilities, incurred by the United Nations pursuant to paragraph 3 above.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 19
 
−
*1. The States Parties shall submit to the Committee, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, reports on the measures they have taken to give effect to their undertakings under this Convention, within one year after the entry into force of this Convention for the State Party concerned. Thereafter the States Parties shall submit supplementary reports every four years on any new measures taken, and such other reports as the Committee may request.
 
−
*2. The Secretary-General shall transmit the reports to all States Parties.
 
−
*3. [Each report shall be considered by the Committee which may make such comments or suggestions on the report as it considers appropriate, and shall forward these to the State Party concerned. That State Party may respond with any observations it chooses to the Committee.
 
−
*4. The Committee may, at its discretion, decide to include any comments or suggestions made by it in accordance with paragraph 3, together with the observations thereon received from the State Party concerned, in its annual report made in accordance with article 24. If so requested by the State Party concerned, the Committee may also include a copy of the report submitted under paragraph 1.]  
 
−
 
 
−
Article 20
 
−
*1. If the Committee receives reliable information which appears to it to contain well-founded indications that torture is being systematically practised in the territory of a State Party, the Committee shall invite that State Party to co-operate in the examination of the information and to this end to submit observations with regard to the information concerned.
 
−
*2. Taking into account any observations which may have been submitted by the State Party concerned as well as any other relevant information available to it, the Committee may, if it decides that this is warranted, designate one or more of its members to make a confidential inquiry and to report to the Committee urgently.
 
−
*3. If an inquiry is made in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee shall seek the co-operation of the State Party concerned. In agreement with that State Party, such an inquiry may include a visit to its territory.
 
−
*4. After examining the findings of its member or members submitted in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee shall transmit these findings to the State Party concerned together with any comments or suggestions which seem appropriate in view of the situation.
 
−
*5. All the proceedings of the Committee referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 of this article shall be confidential, and at all stages of the proceedings the co-operation of the State Party shall be sought. After such proceedings have been completed with regard to an inquiry made in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee may, after consultations with the State Party concerned, decide to include a summary account of the results of the proceedings in its annual report made in accordance with article 24.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 21
 
−
*1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article 3 that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under this Convention. Such communications may be received and considered according to the procedures laid down in this article only if submitted by a State Party which has made a declaration recognizing in regard to itself the competence of the Committee. No communication shall be dealt with by the Committee under this article if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration. Communications received under this article shall be dealt with in accordance with the following procedure:
 
−
**1. If a State Party considers that another State Party is not giving effect to the provisions of this Convention, it may, by written communication, bring the matter to the attention of that State Party. Within three months after the receipt of the communication the receiving State shall afford the State which sent the communication an explanation or any other statement in writing clarifying the matter which should include, to the extent possible and pertinent, references to domestic procedures and remedies taken, pending, or available in the matter.
 
−
**2. If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both States Parties concerned within six months after the receipt by the receiving State of the initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter to the Committee by notice given to the Committee and to the other State.
 
−
**3. The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it under this article only after it has ascertained that all domestic remedies have been invoked and exhausted in the matter, in conformity with the generally recognized principles of international law. This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention.
 
−
**4. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article.
 
−
**5. Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (c), the Committee shall make available its good offices to the States Parties concerned with a view to a friendly solution of the matter on the basis of respect for the obligations provided for in the present Convention. For this purpose, the Committee may, when appropriate, set up an ad hoc conciliation commission.
 
−
**6. In any matter referred to it under this article, the Committee may call upon the States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), to supply any relevant information.
 
−
**7. The States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), shall have the right to be represented when the matter is being considered by the Committee and to make submissions orally and/or in writing.
 
−
**8. The Committee shall, within 12 months after the date of receipt of notice under subparagraph (b), submit a report.
 
−
***1. If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts and of the solution reached.
 
−
***2. If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is not reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts; the written submissions and record of the oral submissions made by the States Parties concerned shall be attached to the report.
 
−
      In every matter, the report shall be communicated to the States Parties concerned.
 
−
*2. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article. Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by any State Party shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has made a new declaration.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 22
 
−
*1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from or on behalf of individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by a State Party of the provisions of the Convention. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party to the Convention which has not made such a declaration.
 
−
*2. The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communication under this article which is anonymous, or which it considers to be an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of this Convention.
 
−
*3. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, the Committee shall bring any communication submitted to it under this article to the attention of the State Party to this Convention which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 and is alleged to be violating any provisions of the Convention. Within six months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State.
 
−
*4. The Committee shall consider communications received under this article in the light of all information made available to it by or on behalf of the individual and by the State Party concerned.
 
−
*5. The Committee shall not consider any communication from an individual under this article unless it has ascertained that:
 
−
**1. The same matter has not been, and is not being examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement;
 
−
**2. The individual has exhausted all available domestic remedies; this shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention.
 
−
*6. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article.
 
−
*7. The Committee shall forward its views to the State Party concerned and to the individual.
 
−
*8. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article. Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit parties thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by or on behalf of an individual shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has made a new declaration.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 23
 
−
The members of the Committee, and of the ad hoc conciliation commissions which may be appointed under article 21, paragraph 1 (e), shall be entitled to the facilities, privileges and immunities of experts on missions for the United Nations as laid down in the relevant sections of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 24
 
−
The Committee shall submit an annual report on its activities under this Convention to the States Parties and to the General Assembly of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Part III
 
−
Article 25
 
−
*1. This Convention is open for signature by all States.
 
−
*2. This Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 26
 
−
This Convention is open to accession by all States. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 27
 
−
*1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.
 
−
*2. For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 28
 
−
*1. Each State may, at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in article 20.
 
−
*2. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article may, at any time, withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 29
 
−
*1. Any State Party to this Convention may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties to this Convention with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposal. In the event that within four months from the date of such communication at least one third of the State Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to all the States Parties for acceptance.
 
−
*2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 shall enter into force when two thirds of the States Parties to this Convention have notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted it in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
 
−
*3. When amendments enter into force, they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of this Convention and any earlier amendments which they have accepted.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 30
 
−
*1. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.
 
−
*2. Each State may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by the preceding paragraph. The other States Parties shall not be bound by the preceding paragraph with respect to any State Party having made such a reservation.
 
−
*3. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with the preceding paragraph may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 31
 
−
*1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciation becomes effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General.
 
−
*2. Such a denunciation shall not have the effect of releasing the State Party from its obligations under this Convention in regard to any act or omission which occurs prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective. Nor shall denunciation prejudice in any way the continued consideration of any matter which is already under consideration by the Committee prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective.
 
−
*3. Following the date at which the denunciation of a State Party becomes effective, the Committee shall not commence consideration of any new matter regarding that State.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 32
 
−
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all members of the United Nations and all States which have signed this Convention or acceded to it, or the following particulars:
 
−
*1. Signatures, ratifications and accessions under articles 25 and 26;
 
−
*2. The date of entry into force of this Convention under article 27, and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29;
 
−
*3. Denunciations under article 31.
 
−
 
 
−
Article 33
 
−
*1. This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations.
 
−
*2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of this Convention to all States.
 
−
 
 
−
On February 4, 1985, the Convention was opened for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York. At that time, representatives of the following countries signed it: Afghanistan, Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Uruguay. Subsequently, signatures were received from Venezuela on February 15, from Luxembourg and Panama on February 22, from Austria on March 14, and from the United Kingdom on March 15, 1985.
 
−
 
 
−
(signatures)
 

Latest revision as of 15:46, 18 April 2012

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Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984. Entered into force on June 26, 1987.

Relevant Provisions of the Convention Against Torture

Article 1 - Definition of Torture

The term “torture” means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.

Article 2

Each state party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measure to prevent torture. No exceptional circumstances, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency may be invoked as justification of torture. An order from a superior officer or public authority may not be invoked as justification of torture.

Article 3

No state party shall extradite a person to another state where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subject to torture. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the state concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.

Article 4

Each state party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under criminal law. The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture. Each state party shall make these offences punishable by appropriate penalties which take into account their grave nature.

Article 6

Any person in custody shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national.

Article 7

Persons alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 are entitled to fair treatment at all stages of proceedings.

Article 10

Each State Party shall ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment.

Article 13

Each State Party shall ensure that any individual who alleged he has been subjected to torture in any territory under its jurisdiction has the right to complain to, and to have his case promptly and impartially examined by, its competent authorities. Steps shall be taken to ensure that the complainant and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of his complaint or any given evidence.

Article 14

Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. If the victim is dead as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation.

Article 15

Each State Party shall ensure that any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.


Status of Signature, Ratification and Accession to the Convention Against Torture

Country Signature Ratification/Accession
Afghanistan 4 February 1985 1 April 1987
Albania - 11 May 1994
Algeria 26 November 1985 12 September 1989
Andorra 5 August 2002 22 September 2006
Antigua and Barbuda - 19 July 1993
Argentina 4 February 1985 24 September 1986
Armenia - 13 September 1993
Australia 10 December 1985 8 August 1989
Austria 14 March 1985 29 July 1987
Azerbaijan - 16 August 1996
Bahamas 16 December 2008 -
Bahrain - 6 March 1998
Bangladesh - 5 October 1998
Belarus 19 December 1985 13 March 1987
Belgium 4 February 1985 25 June 1999
Belize - 17 March 1986
Benin - 12 March 1992
Bolivia 4 February 1985 12 April 1999
Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1 September 1993
Botswana 8 September 2000 8 September 2000
Brazil 23 September 1985 28 September 1989
Bulgaria 10 June 1986 16 December 1986
Burkina Faso - 4 January 1999
Burundi - 18 February 1993
Cambodia - 15 October 1992
Cameroon - 19 December 1986
Canada 23 August 1985 24 June 1987
Cape Verde - 4 June 1992
Chad - 9 June 1995
Chile 23 September 1987 30 September 1988
China 12 December 1986 4 October 1988
Colombia 10 April 1985 8 December 1987
Comoros 22 September 2000 -
Congo - 30 July 2003
Costa Rica 4 February 1985 11 November 1993
Ivory Coast - 18 December 1995
Croatia - 12 October 1992
Cuba 27 January 1986 17 May 1995
Cyprus 9 October 1985 18 July 1991
Czech Republic - 22 February 1993
Democratic Republic of the Congo - 18 March 1996
Denmark 4 February 1985 27 May 1987
Djibouti - 5 November 2002
Dominican Republic 4 February 1985 -
Ecuador 4 February 1985 30 March 1988
Egypt - 25 June 1986
El Salvador - 17 June 1996
Equatorial Guinea - 8 October 2002
Estonia - 21 October 1991
Ethiopia - 14 March 1994
Finland 4 February 1985 30 August 1989
France 4 February 1985 18 February 1986
Gabon 21 January 1986 8 September 2000
Gambia 23 October 1985 -
Georgia - 26 October 1994
Germany 13 October 1986 1 October 1990
Ghana 7 September 2000 7 September 2000
Greece 4 February 1985 6 October 1988
Guatemala - 5 January 1990
Guinea 30 May 1986 10 October 1989
Guinea Bissau 12 September 2000 -
Guyana 25 January 1988 19 May 1988
Holy See - 26 June 2002
Honduras - 5 December 1996
Hungary 28 November 1986 15 April 1987
Iceland 4 February 1985 23 October 1998
Iraq - 7 July 2011
Ireland 28 September 1992 11 April 2002
Israel 22 October 1986 3 October 1991
Italy 4 February 1985 12 January 1989
Japan - 29 June 1999
Jordan - 13 November 1991
Kazakhstan - 26 August 1998
Kenya - 21 February 1997
Kuwait - 8 March 1996
Kyrgyzstan - 5 September 1997
Lao People's Democratic Republic 21 September 2010 -
Latvia - 14 April 1992
Lebanon - 5 October 2000
Lesotho - 12 November 2001
Liberia - 22 September 2004
Libyan Ara Jamahiriya - 16 May 1989
Liechtenstien 27 June 1985 2 November 1990
Lithuania - 1 February 1996
Luxembourg 22 February 1985 29 September 1987
Magadascar 1 October 2001 13 December 2005
Malawi - 11 June 1996
Maldives - 20 April 2004
Mali - 26 February 1999
Malta - 13 September 1990
Mauritania - 17 November 2004
Mexico 18 March 1985 23 January 1986
Monaco - 6 December 1991
Mongolia - 24 January 2002
Montenegro - 23 October 2006
Morocco 8 January 1986 21 June 1993
Mozambique - 14 September 1999
Namibia - 28 November 1994
Nauru 12 November 2001 -
Nepal - 14 May 1991
Netherlands 4 February 1985 21 December 1988
New Zealand 14 January 1986 10 December 1989
Nicaragua 15 April 1985 5 July 2005
Niger - 5 October 1998
Nigeria 28 July 1988 28 June 2001
Norway 4 February 1985 9 July 1986
Pakistan 17 April 2008 23 June 2010
Palau 20 September 2011 -
Panama 22 February 1985 24 August 1987
Paraguay 23 October 1989 12 March 1990
Peru 29 May 1985 7 July 1988
Philippines - 18 June 1986
Poland 13 January 1986 26 July 1989
Portugal 4 February 1985 9 February 1989
Qatar - 11 January 2000
Republic of Korea - 9 January 1995
Republic of Moldova - 28 November 1995
Romania - 18 December 1990
Russian Federation 10 December 1985 3 March 1987
Rwanda - 15 December 2008
San Marino 18 September 2002 27 November 2006
Sao Tome and Principe 6 September 2000 -
Saudi Arabia - 23 September 1997
Senegal 4 February 1985 21 August 1986
Serbia - 12 March 2001
Seychelles - 5 May 1992
Sierra Leone 18 March 1985 25 April 2001
Slovakia - 28 May 1993
Slovenia - 16 July 1993
Somalia - 24 January 1990
South Africa 29 January 1993 10December1998
Spain 4 February 1985 21 October 1987
Sri Lanka - 3 January 1994
St Vincent and the Grenadines - 1 August 2001
Sudan 4 June 1986 -
Swaziland - 26 March 2004
Sweden 4 February 1985 8 January 1986
Switzerland 4 February 1985 2 December 1986
Syrian Arab Republic - 19 August 2004
Tajikistan - 11 January 1995
Thailand - 2 October 2007
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - 12 December 1994
Timor Leste - 16 April 2003
Togo 25 March 1987 18 November 1987
Tunisia 26 August 1987 23 September 1988
Turkey 25 January 1988 2 August 1988
Turkmenistan - 25 June 1999
Uganda - 3 November 1986
Ukraine 27 February 1986 24 February 1987
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 15 March 1985 8 December 1988
United State of America 18 April 1988 21 October 1994
Uruguay 4 February 1985 24 October 1986
Uzbekistan - 28 September 1995
Vanuatu - 12 July 2011
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15 February 1985 29 July 1991
Yemen - 5 November 1991
Zambia - 7 October 1998

( signatures)

See International Law

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