Nigeria - Revision history

https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Nigeria Nigeria - Revision history 2026-05-18T09:16:35Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.42.1 https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=380889&oldid=prev Unknown user: /* Stops and frisks */ 2022-08-18T08:00:47Z

<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Stops and frisks</span></span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:00, 18 August 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l53">Line 53:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Corruption in the Nigeria Police Force is deeply rooted. Policemen who are supposed to be custodians of the law in very many cases engage in illegal and criminal acts. It is not uncommon in Nigeria to see Policemen arrest innocent persons indiscriminately with a view to extorting money from them. There have been several cases of innocent persons arrested by the police and framed up with frivolous charges where they fail to pay bribe. There have also been cases of torture and extra judicial execution of criminal suspects by the Nigeria Police force. While there exists disciplinary procedure for the discipline of erring police officers in Nigeria, and while there are laws like the Penal Code which provides for punishment of two years imprisonment for public officers who are found guilty of abuse of their authority to commit an arbitrary act injurious to rights, in practice only very few of such officers are punished for such acts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Corruption in the Nigeria Police Force is deeply rooted. Policemen who are supposed to be custodians of the law in very many cases engage in illegal and criminal acts. It is not uncommon in Nigeria to see Policemen arrest innocent persons indiscriminately with a view to extorting money from them. There have been several cases of innocent persons arrested by the police and framed up with frivolous charges where they fail to pay bribe. There have also been cases of torture and extra judicial execution of criminal suspects by the Nigeria Police force. While there exists disciplinary procedure for the discipline of erring police officers in Nigeria, and while there are laws like the Penal Code which provides for punishment of two years imprisonment for public officers who are found guilty of abuse of their authority to commit an arbitrary act injurious to rights, in practice only very few of such officers are punished for such acts.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Stops and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">frisks</del>===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Stops and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">risks</ins>===</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td></tr> </table>

Unknown user https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=380796&oldid=prev Unknown user at 08:23, 16 August 2022 2022-08-16T08:23:40Z

<p></p> <a href="https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=380796&oldid=380793">Show changes</a>

Unknown user https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=380793&oldid=prev Unknown user at 07:42, 16 August 2022 2022-08-16T07:42:00Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:42, 16 August 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14">Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">INTRODUCTION</h2></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">INTRODUCTION</h2></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Introduction===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often referred to the ''giant of Africa'', Nigeria gained independence on October 1st 1960 from Britain. At independence Nigeria had a parliamentary system of Government with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Bello as the Prime Minister. In 1967, a group of young military officers led by Major Kaduna Nzeokwu overthrew the government of Tafawa Belewa. Following the death of Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Belewa, General Aguiyi Ironsi took over the reins of power from the military coup plotters. General Ironsi was in turn killed by the Military led by General Yakubu Gowon who took over power as the military head of state. Following the accession to the presidency of Nigeria by General Gowon, the region of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria (oil-rich) declared its secession in 1967 under the leadership of Col Odumegwu Ojukwu. The announcement of succession by Col Ojukwu led to a civil war which ended 1970 with the defeat of the Biafran separatists. Reports have it that the civil war led to the death of over one million people including men, women and children. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often referred to the ''giant of Africa'', Nigeria gained independence on October 1st 1960 from Britain. At independence Nigeria had a parliamentary system of Government with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Bello as the Prime Minister. In 1967, a group of young military officers led by Major Kaduna Nzeokwu overthrew the government of Tafawa Belewa. Following the death of Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Belewa, General Aguiyi Ironsi took over the reins of power from the military coup plotters. General Ironsi was in turn killed by the Military led by General Yakubu Gowon who took over power as the military head of state. Following the accession to the presidency of Nigeria by General Gowon, the region of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria (oil-rich) declared its secession in 1967 under the leadership of Col Odumegwu Ojukwu. The announcement of succession by Col Ojukwu led to a civil war which ended 1970 with the defeat of the Biafran separatists. Reports have it that the civil war led to the death of over one million people including men, women and children. </div></td></tr> </table>

Unknown user https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=379216&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 08:44, 5 October 2017 2017-10-05T08:44:58Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:44, 5 October 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| style="float: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">left</del>; padding:10px; margin:10px 10px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue"</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| style="float: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">right</ins>; padding:10px; margin:10px 10px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue"</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">LEGAL RESOURCES</h2></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">LEGAL RESOURCES</h2></div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=377594&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 14:30, 17 July 2013 2013-07-17T14:30:36Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:30, 17 July 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l34">Line 34:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Now, every criminal suspect is charged and arraigned by the police before a Magistrate or Area Court, (or the Customary or Sharia Court). The Magistrate or Area Court judge is expected to try the defendant of the offence charged if it is within the court’s jurisdiction, otherwise, the magistrate or judge will have to transfer the case to the High Court or the Tribunal. In most cases where the lower court has no jurisdiction over the case and had to transfer it, the defendant is reminded in prison custody while the administrative procedure for affecting the transfer by the office of the Director of Public Prosecutes at the High Courts and Tribunal, went on. Most time, bail is refused because the court will say it has no jurisdiction to try the case and therefore no jurisdiction to grant bail on the charge. In some cases, the court grants bail or fixing bail conditions. The effect is that the defendant remains on remand for as long as the High court or Tribunal trials lasted. If the defendant does not have a lawyer to insist on early trial, the trial may not start in many years. Many of these prisoners stay between 10 and 15 years in detention awaiting trial.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Now, every criminal suspect is charged and arraigned by the police before a Magistrate or Area Court, (or the Customary or Sharia Court). The Magistrate or Area Court judge is expected to try the defendant of the offence charged if it is within the court’s jurisdiction, otherwise, the magistrate or judge will have to transfer the case to the High Court or the Tribunal. In most cases where the lower court has no jurisdiction over the case and had to transfer it, the defendant is reminded in prison custody while the administrative procedure for affecting the transfer by the office of the Director of Public Prosecutes at the High Courts and Tribunal, went on. Most time, bail is refused because the court will say it has no jurisdiction to try the case and therefore no jurisdiction to grant bail on the charge. In some cases, the court grants bail or fixing bail conditions. The effect is that the defendant remains on remand for as long as the High court or Tribunal trials lasted. If the defendant does not have a lawyer to insist on early trial, the trial may not start in many years. Many of these prisoners stay between 10 and 15 years in detention awaiting trial.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The bail practice leaves a lot of discretion to the judge, clearly, the bail practices of lower courts in Nigeria impact on the regime of administration of criminal justice and rights to liberty and fair hearing of criminal defendants. There had been cases where applications for bail were refused in misdemeanor charges, and instances showing apparent lack of understanding of the presiding lower court judges of the underlying principles of rights to liberty, fair hearing and bail within the context of administration of criminal justice<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. On a number of cases, the refusing bail, negating the right to presumption of innocence of criminal defendants</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The bail practice leaves a lot of discretion to the judge, clearly, the bail practices of lower courts in Nigeria impact on the regime of administration of criminal justice and rights to liberty and fair hearing of criminal defendants. There had been cases where applications for bail were refused in misdemeanor charges, and instances showing apparent lack of understanding of the presiding lower court judges of the underlying principles of rights to liberty, fair hearing and bail within the context of administration of criminal justice.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Because of poor working conditions and poor remuneration, experienced and well-qualified legal professionals are rarely attracted to the bench, particularly the lower bench. There is little, if any, continuing judicial training for these judges.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Because of poor working conditions and poor remuneration, experienced and well-qualified legal professionals are rarely attracted to the bench, particularly the lower bench. There is little, if any, continuing judicial training for these judges.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Upon judicial appointment, every judge including judges of the lower courts, undergo induction course for few weeks, and thereafter, little or no continuing training takes place. The absence of proper training or continuing legal training of the lower court judges have no doubt continued to impact <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positively </del>on the regime of administration of criminal justice in the country. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Upon judicial appointment, every judge including judges of the lower courts, undergo induction course for few weeks, and thereafter, little or no continuing training takes place. The absence of proper training or continuing legal training of the lower court judges have no doubt continued to impact <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">negatively </ins>on the regime of administration of criminal justice in the country. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=254488&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 08:21, 24 April 2013 2013-04-24T08:21:50Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:21, 24 April 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often referred to the ''giant of Africa'', Nigeria gained independence on October 1st 1960 from Britain. At independence Nigeria had a parliamentary system of Government with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Bello as the Prime Minister. In 1967, a group of young military officers led by Major Kaduna Nzeokwu overthrew the government of Tafawa Belewa. Following the death of Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Belewa, General Aguiyi Ironsi took over the reins of power from the military coup plotters. General Ironsi was in turn killed by the Military led by General Yakubu Gowon who took over power as the military head of state. Following the accession to the presidency of Nigeria by General Gowon, the region of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria (oil-rich) declared its secession in 1967 under the leadership of Col Odumegwu Ojukwu. The announcement of succession by Col Ojukwu led to a civil war which ended 1970 with the defeat of the Biafran separatists. Reports have it that the civil war led to the death of over one million people including men, women and children. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often referred to the ''giant of Africa'', Nigeria gained independence on October 1st 1960 from Britain. At independence Nigeria had a parliamentary system of Government with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Bello as the Prime Minister. In 1967, a group of young military officers led by Major Kaduna Nzeokwu overthrew the government of Tafawa Belewa. Following the death of Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Belewa, General Aguiyi Ironsi took over the reins of power from the military coup plotters. General Ironsi was in turn killed by the Military led by General Yakubu Gowon who took over power as the military head of state. Following the accession to the presidency of Nigeria by General Gowon, the region of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria (oil-rich) declared its secession in 1967 under the leadership of Col Odumegwu Ojukwu. The announcement of succession by Col Ojukwu led to a civil war which ended 1970 with the defeat of the Biafran separatists. Reports have it that the civil war led to the death of over one million people including men, women and children. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At the end of the civil war General Gowon remained in power and despite several promises to return the country to democratic rule he failed to do, until he was overthrown in 1975 in another military coup, which brought General Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power. Despite his promise of a speedy return to democracy; he was killed and replaced by Olusegun Obasanjo. General Obasanjo handed power to a democratically government led by Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979, however another coup plot by the military led to the overthrow of Alhaji Shehi Shagari in 1983 and General Buhari became the new head of Nigeria, he was also removed in another military coup led by General Ibrahim Babaginda. General Bagangida who ruled Nigeria for eight years and promised to hand over to a democratic government. He however reneged on his promise when he annulled the democratic presidential election won by Alhaji M.K.O Abiola. Following pressure from the civil society for him to leave and hand over power to a democratic government, he eventually handed power to an interim management committee led by Chief Sonekan. Chief Shonekan’s interim management committee was removed by General Sanni Abacha who instituted a reign of terror and jailed many pro-democratic activists. He died in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1997</del>, and Alhaji Abdulsalam Abubakar was named the Head of State by the Military. The deterioration of the economy, coupled with pressure from the civil society for return of the country to democratic rule finally forced General Abdulsalam Abubakar to hand over power to a democratic elected government with Olusegun Obasanjo as the president of Nigeria in 1999. He was reelected in 2003. In 2007, Yar'Adua succeeded him and after his death, Goodluck Jonathan officially became president on May 6, 2010, and has continued in office till date after winning the 2011 presidential election.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At the end of the civil war General Gowon remained in power and despite several promises to return the country to democratic rule he failed to do, until he was overthrown in 1975 in another military coup, which brought General Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power. Despite his promise of a speedy return to democracy; he was killed and replaced by Olusegun Obasanjo. General Obasanjo handed power to a democratically government led by Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979, however another coup plot by the military led to the overthrow of Alhaji Shehi Shagari in 1983 and General Buhari became the new head of Nigeria, he was also removed in another military coup led by General Ibrahim Babaginda. General Bagangida who ruled Nigeria for eight years and promised to hand over to a democratic government. He however reneged on his promise when he annulled the democratic presidential election won by Alhaji M.K.O Abiola. Following pressure from the civil society for him to leave and hand over power to a democratic government, he eventually handed power to an interim management committee led by Chief Sonekan. Chief Shonekan’s interim management committee was removed by General Sanni Abacha who instituted a reign of terror and jailed many pro-democratic activists. He died in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1998</ins>, and Alhaji Abdulsalam Abubakar was named the Head of State by the Military. The deterioration of the economy, coupled with pressure from the civil society for return of the country to democratic rule finally forced General Abdulsalam Abubakar to hand over power to a democratic elected government with Olusegun Obasanjo as the president of Nigeria in 1999. He was reelected in 2003. In 2007, Yar'Adua succeeded him and after his death, Goodluck Jonathan officially became president on May 6, 2010, and has continued in office till date after winning the 2011 presidential election.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">TYPE OF SYSTEM</h2></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">TYPE OF SYSTEM</h2></div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=247429&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 11:01, 19 April 2013 2013-04-19T11:01:08Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:01, 19 April 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l80">Line 80:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Search and Seizure:==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Search and Seizure:==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Nigerian law provides the possibility for the magistrate to search all places in which there are reasons to believe that an offense has been committed, or evidence proving the commission of the offense or that these places would be used to commit an offense<ref>Section 107 (1) : Criminal Procedure Act : Chapter 80 : Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Nigerian law provides the possibility for the magistrate to search all places in which there are reasons to believe that an offense has been committed, or evidence proving the commission of the offense or that these places would be used to commit an offense<ref>Section 107(1):Criminal Procedure Act:Chapter 80:Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990</ref><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Also he may, by a warrant, authorize a member of the police or any other person to search the place and seize any object connected to the offense as well as to also to apprehend the occupier on the place if the magistrate considers that he is directly connected to the case. In case of women, she has to be searched only by another women<ref>Section 107 (2): Criminal procedure Act ; chapter 80 : laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Also he may, by a warrant, authorize a member of the police or any other person to search the place and seize any object connected to the offense as well as to also to apprehend the occupier on the place if the magistrate considers that he is directly connected to the case. In case of women, she has to be searched only by another women<ref>Section 107 (2): Criminal procedure Act ; chapter 80 : laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l94">Line 94:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 94:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Freedom from prolonged pre-trial detention ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Freedom from prolonged pre-trial detention ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria guarantees speedy trial for a criminal suspect, which is supposed to obviate the need for prolonged pre-trial detention of criminal suspects. The Constitution provides a guideline that a person who has committed a grievous criminal offence shall after three months of detention be released unconditionally or upon such reasonable conditions as may be necessary to secure his attendance at his trial. However in reality this Constitutional provision is not adhered to. It is not uncommon to see criminal suspects remain in prolonged pre-trial detention for upward of 15 years without trial. In fact, the Criminal Procedure Code in force in the Northern States of Nigeria provides that persons who may be released on bail only at the discretion of the police, the person on bail must convince the police officer that bail is not a risk to the case<ref>Section 340 (1), 341 (2) Criminal Procedure Code of the Northern States of Nigeria</ref </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria guarantees speedy trial for a criminal suspect, which is supposed to obviate the need for prolonged pre-trial detention of criminal suspects. The Constitution provides a guideline that a person who has committed a grievous criminal offence shall after three months of detention be released unconditionally or upon such reasonable conditions as may be necessary to secure his attendance at his trial. However in reality this Constitutional provision is not adhered to. It is not uncommon to see criminal suspects remain in prolonged pre-trial detention for upward of 15 years without trial. In fact, the Criminal Procedure Code in force in the Northern States of Nigeria provides that persons who may be released on bail only at the discretion of the police, the person on bail must convince the police officer that bail is not a risk to the case<ref>Section 340 (1), 341 (2) Criminal Procedure Code of the Northern States of Nigeria</ref<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>. </ins> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the Nigerian Constitution and other legal sources provide guidelines on the exercise of the discretionary power of police officers, they have to assume their responsibilities in a reasonable manner, taking into account the individual rights and freedoms. In practical this discretionary power has become a weapon in the hands of police officers against people suspected. However, under the law, the police can’t keep a suspect in detention for more than 24 hours<ref>Section 17 Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80</ref>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the Nigerian Constitution and other legal sources provide guidelines on the exercise of the discretionary power of police officers, they have to assume their responsibilities in a reasonable manner, taking into account the individual rights and freedoms. In practical this discretionary power has become a weapon in the hands of police officers against people suspected. However, under the law, the police can’t keep a suspect in detention for more than 24 hours<ref>Section 17 Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80</ref>.</div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=247424&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 10:59, 19 April 2013 2013-04-19T10:59:40Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:59, 19 April 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l182">Line 182:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 182:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pre-trial detainees/ remand Prisoners (percentage the prison population) : Nigeria: 69,6 % : rank 14.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pre-trial detainees/ remand Prisoners (percentage the prison population) : Nigeria: 69,6 % : rank 14.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Occupancy Rates : 111,9 %</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Occupancy Rates : 111,9 %</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></ins></div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=247422&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 10:57, 19 April 2013 2013-04-19T10:57:42Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:57, 19 April 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l60">Line 60:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Stops and frisks==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Stops and frisks==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regarding frisking of criminal suspects, the law provides that the officer who made the arrest may search the arrested person using force if necessary and must keep in safe custody any property objects he finds on the suspect<ref>Section 6(1): Criminal Procedure Act; Chapter 80:Laws of the federation or Nigeria, 1990<<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">references</del>/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regarding frisking of criminal suspects, the law provides that the officer who made the arrest may search the arrested person using force if necessary and must keep in safe custody any property objects he finds on the suspect<ref>Section 6(1): Criminal Procedure Act; Chapter 80:Laws of the federation or Nigeria, 1990</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</ins>></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the person on bail, and when bail is furnished, can’t be searched unless there are reasonable doubts about the person, maybe if she’s in possession of stolen goods, or dangerous weapons or other objects that may be used as evidence against her in respect of the offense with which he is charged. It is also said that when the person arrested is a woman, only another woman will search her<ref>Section 6(2) Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80: Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the person on bail, and when bail is furnished, can’t be searched unless there are reasonable doubts about the person, maybe if she’s in possession of stolen goods, or dangerous weapons or other objects that may be used as evidence against her in respect of the offense with which he is charged. It is also said that when the person arrested is a woman, only another woman will search her<ref>Section 6(2) Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80: Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Any peace officer or any police officer authorized by a warrant may enter in any place in which he has reasonable grounds to believe that there is a meeting of an unlawful organization or persons who are members of such society. It can also stop these people and search in the place all badges, symbols, weapons, papers, books and other property which he has reasons to believe that it belong to an illegal organization.When a suspect is arrested the law empowers the police to prefer a formal charge against the accused and to bring the accused before a court within a reasonable time. The Constitution provides for a maximum period of 48 hours upon arrest to bring a criminal defendant before a court of law. The CPA also says a person so arrested must not be handcuffed or bound except where the person is violent.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Any peace officer or any police officer authorized by a warrant may enter in any place in which he has reasonable grounds to believe that there is a meeting of an unlawful organization or persons who are members of such society. It can also stop these people and search in the place all badges, symbols, weapons, papers, books and other property which he has reasons to believe that it belong to an illegal organization.When a suspect is arrested the law empowers the police to prefer a formal charge against the accused and to bring the accused before a court within a reasonable time. The Constitution provides for a maximum period of 48 hours upon arrest to bring a criminal defendant before a court of law. The CPA also says a person so arrested must not be handcuffed or bound except where the person is violent.</div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Nigeria&diff=247421&oldid=prev IBJadmin at 10:56, 19 April 2013 2013-04-19T10:56:47Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:56, 19 April 2013</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l60">Line 60:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Stops and frisks==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Stops and frisks==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Constitution of Nigeria 1999, the Criminal Procedure Act of Nigeria including the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of the different states in Nigeria many other laws have specific provisions relating to arrest of persons suspected to have committed criminal offences. These laws lay down proper procedure for arrest of a criminal suspect For instance the CPA and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, like many others state that a person accused or suspected of commission of a criminal offence may be arrested, by either a police officer or by a person authorized to do so, and that a person so arrested must be informed of the reasons for his arrest. In addition, a magistrate or a judge is authorized to arrest a criminal suspect who commits an offence in his or her presence. The CPA and administration of Criminal Justice Laws of Lagos State and many other states of the Federation authorize a citizen to arrest a person who commits a crime in his presence but in such situation the laws say the arrested person must be taken to the Police Station immediately.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regarding frisking of criminal suspects, the law provides that the officer who made the arrest may search the arrested person using force if necessary and must keep in safe custody any property objects he finds on the suspect<ref>Section 6(1): Criminal Procedure Act; Chapter 80:Laws of the federation or Nigeria, 1990</<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</del>></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Regarding frisking of criminal suspects, the law provides that the officer who made the arrest may search the arrested person using force if necessary and must keep in safe custody any property objects he finds on the suspect<ref>Section 6(1): Criminal Procedure Act; Chapter 80:Laws of the federation or Nigeria, 1990<<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">references</ins>/></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the person on bail, and when bail is furnished, can’t be searched unless there are reasonable doubts about the person, maybe if she’s in possession of stolen goods, or dangerous weapons or other objects that may be used as evidence against her in respect of the offense with which he is charged. It is also said that when the person arrested is a woman, only another woman will search her<ref>Section 6(2) Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80: Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the person on bail, and when bail is furnished, can’t be searched unless there are reasonable doubts about the person, maybe if she’s in possession of stolen goods, or dangerous weapons or other objects that may be used as evidence against her in respect of the offense with which he is charged. It is also said that when the person arrested is a woman, only another woman will search her<ref>Section 6(2) Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 80: Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Any peace officer or any police officer authorized by a warrant may enter in any place in which he has reasonable grounds to believe that there is a meeting of an unlawful organization or persons who are members of such society. It can also stop these people and search in the place all badges, symbols, weapons, papers, books and other property which he has reasons to believe that it belong to an illegal organization.When a suspect is arrested the law empowers the police to prefer a formal charge against the accused and to bring the accused before a court within a reasonable time. The Constitution provides for a maximum period of 48 hours upon arrest to bring a criminal defendant before a court of law. The CPA also says a person so arrested must not be handcuffed or bound except where the person is violent.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Any peace officer or any police officer authorized by a warrant may enter in any place in which he has reasonable grounds to believe that there is a meeting of an unlawful organization or persons who are members of such society. It can also stop these people and search in the place all badges, symbols, weapons, papers, books and other property which he has reasons to believe that it belong to an illegal organization.When a suspect is arrested the law empowers the police to prefer a formal charge against the accused and to bring the accused before a court within a reasonable time. The Constitution provides for a maximum period of 48 hours upon arrest to bring a criminal defendant before a court of law. The CPA also says a person so arrested must not be handcuffed or bound except where the person is violent.</div></td></tr> </table>

IBJadmin