Cameroon - Revision history

IBJadmin: /* Sources of defendants’ rights */

2018-05-14T10:49:46Z

Sources of defendants’ rights

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 14 May 2018
Line 23:		Line 23:


	The sources of defendant’s rights are mainly found in the ~~Constitution~~, the legislation and judicial precedents and customary law<ref>GlobalLex, Researching Cameroonian Law, Charles Manga Fombad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>. Judicial precedent will be applied differently depending on whether the litigants are in Anglophone or Francophone Cameroon. The Constitution is the most important source of law in Cameroon and offers protections from illegal search and seizure, illegal arrest, detention and prosecution, prevents from retrospective effects of the law, ensures a fair hearing, guarantee the presumption of innocence, the rights to life and physical and moral integrity, protects from cruel, humane treatments and torture<ref>Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon,Law No. 96-06 of 18 January 1996 to amend the Constitution of 2 June 1972,online: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf</ref>. The Cameroon Constitution was adopted in 1960 upon independence and was later on amended and then redrafted in 1972. The 1872 version has also been amended several times, with the last amendment made in 2008<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Cameroon and https://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat/0/7e3ee07f489d674dc1256ae9002e3915/$FILE/Constitution%20Cameroon%20-%20EN.pdf</ref>.		The sources of defendant’s rights are mainly found in the constitution, the legislation and judicial precedents and customary law<ref>GlobalLex, Researching Cameroonian Law, Charles Manga Fombad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>. Judicial precedent will be applied differently depending on whether the litigants are in Anglophone or Francophone Cameroon. The Constitution is the most important source of law in Cameroon and offers protections from illegal search and seizure, illegal arrest, detention and prosecution, prevents from retrospective effects of the law, ensures a fair hearing, guarantee the presumption of innocence, the rights to life and physical and moral integrity, protects from cruel, humane treatments and torture<ref>Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon,Law No. 96-06 of 18 January 1996 to amend the Constitution of 2 June 1972,online: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf</ref>. The Cameroon Constitution was adopted in 1960 upon independence and was later on amended and then redrafted in 1972. The 1872 version has also been amended several times, with the last amendment made in 2008<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Cameroon and https://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat/0/7e3ee07f489d674dc1256ae9002e3915/$FILE/Constitution%20Cameroon%20-%20EN.pdf</ref>.

	==Pre-Trial Phase==		==Pre-Trial Phase==

IBJadmin: /* Type of System */

2018-05-14T10:48:46Z

Type of System

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 14 May 2018
Line 10:		Line 10:


	Cameroon legal system is a relic of the colonial era. However, despite the fact that Cameroon ~~was~~ unified from a political and administrative perspective since 1972, there are dual and contradictory procedural sources in Cameroon: the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, extracted from the Laws of Nigeria of 1958 and the Code of ~~criminal instruction~~ (Code ~~d’instruction criminelle~~) which comes from the Ordinance of 14th ~~February~~ 1938. Hence, Cameroon applies a dual system, if not conflicting, influenced by both civil law and common law. It may be noted that traditional courts in the villages (i.e., non statutory courts) exercise jurisdiction over whatever matter, issue, cause or dispute ~~arising~~ in the village whether civil of criminal<ref>Henry Samuelson & Co., "Cameroon Legal System", 12th September, 2009, online: http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=7155 </ref>.		Cameroon legal system is a relic of the colonial era. However, despite the fact that Cameroon has been unified from a political and administrative perspective since 1972, there are dual and contradictory procedural sources in Cameroon: the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, extracted from the Laws of Nigeria of 1958 and the Code of Criminal Instruction (Code d’Instruction Criminelle) which comes from the Ordinance of February 14th, 1938. Hence, Cameroon applies a dual system, if not conflicting, influenced by both civil law and common law. It may be noted that traditional courts in the villages (i.e., non statutory courts) exercise jurisdiction over whatever matter, issue, cause or dispute arises in the village whether civil of criminal<ref>Henry Samuelson & Co., "Cameroon Legal System", 12th September, 2009, online: http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=7155 </ref>.
	Customary law governs matters such as customary marriages, divorce, custody, inheritance, adoption and affiliation and also lands held by customary communities. Customary law includes Islamic Law and those native laws and customs “which are not repugnant … and not incompatible to natural justice, equity and good conscience, nor incompatible either directly or by natural implication with the written law for the time being in force"<ref>		Customary law governs matters such as customary marriages, divorce, custody, inheritance, adoption and affiliation and also lands held by customary communities. Customary law includes Islamic Law and those native laws and customs “which are not repugnant … and not incompatible to natural justice, equity and good conscience, nor incompatible either directly or by natural implication with the written law for the time being in force"<ref>
	The Customary courts ordinance cap 142 of 1948</ref>.		The Customary courts ordinance cap 142 of 1948</ref>.
Line 18:		Line 18:
	In practice, Cameroon is known to be one of the most corrupted countries in the world. Bribing is a way of life and what is commonly known as a whisky often supersedes formal laws. According to Transparency International, police and the judicial system are among the most corrupt sectors in Cameroon<ref>Wikipedia, Corruption au Cameroun, online: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_au_Cameroun and Transparency Watch, http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2007/november_2007/anti_corruption_work/gcr_french </ref>. Moreover, there is no efficient system of law reporting in the country, despite commendable efforts in that direction. Hence, the law is not readily accessible to citizens and is not applied uniformly.		In practice, Cameroon is known to be one of the most corrupted countries in the world. Bribing is a way of life and what is commonly known as a whisky often supersedes formal laws. According to Transparency International, police and the judicial system are among the most corrupt sectors in Cameroon<ref>Wikipedia, Corruption au Cameroun, online: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_au_Cameroun and Transparency Watch, http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2007/november_2007/anti_corruption_work/gcr_french </ref>. Moreover, there is no efficient system of law reporting in the country, despite commendable efforts in that direction. Hence, the law is not readily accessible to citizens and is not applied uniformly.

	The highest judicial authority in Cameroon is the Supreme Court.<ref>Section 37 Constitution of Cameroon</ref> The Supreme Court<ref>Website of the Supreme Court:http://www.coursupreme.cm/</ref> comprises a judicial bench, an administrative bench and an audit bench. The judicial bench shall give final rulings on appeals accepted by law against final rulings given by the various courts and tribunals ~~ofthe~~ judicial system,judgement's passed, by the lower courts of the judicial system that have become final in cases where the application of the law is challenged and all matters expressly devolving upon it by law. <ref>Section 39 Constitution of Cameroon</ref>.The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the whole country. There is also a High Court of Justice, composed of nine judges and six substitute judges who are elected by the National Assembly.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html</ref> High Courts operate at divisional level, but they also often cover several divisions. The Cameroonian system has trial courts/courts of first instances in every one of its 58 country divisions, with a court of appeal in each of the country's 10 official regions. There are Magistrates' Courts, which operate at sub-divisional level, although they usually cover subdivisions. Finally, there are also Traditional Law Courts, which operate at village or tribal level<ref>GlobaLex, Researching Cameroon Law, Charles Manga Fambad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>.		The highest judicial authority in Cameroon is the Supreme Court.<ref>Section 37 Constitution of Cameroon</ref> The Supreme Court<ref>Website of the Supreme Court:http://www.coursupreme.cm/</ref> comprises a judicial bench, an administrative bench and an audit bench. The judicial bench shall give final rulings on appeals accepted by law against final rulings given by the various courts and tribunals of the judicial system, judgement's passed, by the lower courts of the judicial system that have become final in cases where the application of the law is challenged and all matters expressly devolving upon it by law. <ref>Section 39 Constitution of Cameroon</ref>. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the whole country. There is also a High Court of Justice, composed of nine judges and six substitute judges who are elected by the National Assembly.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html</ref> High Courts operate at divisional level, but they also often cover several divisions. The Cameroonian system has trial courts/courts of first instances in every one of its 58 country divisions, with a court of appeal in each of the country's 10 official regions. There are Magistrates' Courts, which operate at sub-divisional level, although they usually cover subdivisions. Finally, there are also Traditional Law Courts, which operate at village or tribal level<ref>GlobaLex, Researching Cameroon Law, Charles Manga Fambad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>.

	==Sources of defendants’ rights==		==Sources of defendants’ rights==

IBJadmin: /* Background */

2018-05-14T10:41:59Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 14 May 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:
	==Background==		==Background==

	Cameroon, officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa that is comprised of 10 provinces and 1 capital, Yaounde. It was discovered by Portuguese in the 1500's and its name derives from "Camaroes", which means shrimps in Portuguese. Prior to World War I, Cameroon was a German colony. However, after Germany's defeat in the Great War, the colony was partitioned between France and Great Britain, with France obtaining control of a larger geographic share. In 1955, the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon began an armed struggle for independence in French Cameroon. The French part of Cameroon became independent on January 1, 1960, forming the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, in British Cameroon, the northern two-thirds of the territory, which was mostly occupied by Muslims, voted to join Nigeria while the southern one-third of the territory, which was Christian, voted to join the Republic of Cameroon. The British section of Cameroon officially gained independence on October 1, 1961. The first president of Cameroon was Ahmadou Ahidjo, who served from 1961 to 1982. Under Ahidjo's rule, Cameroon outlawed all political parties except for Ahidjo's and implemented a new constitution in 1972. The 1972 constitution, which provides for a strong central government dominated by the executive branch, turned Cameroon from a federation of two regions into a unitary state. When Ahidjo stepped down in 1982, he was constitutionally succeeded by Paul Biya, who is presently still retains the presidency.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>		Cameroon, officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa that is comprised of 10 provinces and 1 capital, Yaounde. It was discovered by the Portuguese in the 1500's and its name derives from "Camaroes", which means shrimps in Portuguese. Prior to World War I, Cameroon was a German colony. However, after Germany's defeat in the Great War, the colony was partitioned between France and Great Britain, with France obtaining control of a larger geographic share. In 1955, the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon began an armed struggle for independence in French Cameroon. The French part of Cameroon became independent on January 1, 1960, forming the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, in British Cameroon, the northern two-thirds of the territory, which was mostly occupied by Muslims, voted to join Nigeria while the southern one-third of the territory, which was Christian, voted to join the Republic of Cameroon. The British section of Cameroon officially gained independence on October 1, 1961. The first president of Cameroon was Ahmadou Ahidjo, who served from 1961 to 1982. Under Ahidjo's rule, Cameroon outlawed all political parties except for Ahidjo's and implemented a new constitution in 1972. The 1972 constitution, which provides for a strong central government dominated by the executive branch, turned Cameroon from a federation of two regions into a unitary state. When Ahidjo stepped down in 1982, he was constitutionally succeeded by Paul Biya, who is presently still retains the presidency.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>

	Cameroon Cameroon is made up of an extraordinary diversity of about 250 tribes speaking at least 280 different indigenous languages. It has a population of about 19.5 million people, among which 20% is Anglophone and 80% Francophone. The official languages of Cameroon are English and French, although the French language is dominant. In anglophone provinces, Pidgin English is widely spoken. Religions in the country range from Christian (40%) or Muslim (20%) to indigenous African (40%).<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>		Cameroon Cameroon is made up of an extraordinary diversity of about 250 tribes speaking at least 280 different indigenous languages. It has a population of about 19.5 million people, among which 20% is Anglophone and 80% Francophone. The official languages of Cameroon are English and French, although the French language is dominant. In anglophone provinces, Pidgin English is widely spoken. Religions in the country range from Christian (40%) or Muslim (20%) to indigenous African (40%).<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>

IBJadmin: /* Background */

2018-05-14T10:33:39Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:33, 14 May 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:
	==Background==		==Background==

	Cameroon, officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa that is comprised of 10 provinces and 1 capital, Yaounde. It was discovered by Portuguese in the ~~15000~~ and its name derives from "Camaroes", which means shrimps in Portuguese. Prior to World War I, Cameroon was a German colony. However, after Germany's defeat in the Great War, the colony was partitioned between France and Great Britain, with France obtaining control of a larger geographic share. In 1955, the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon began an armed struggle for independence in French Cameroon. The French part of Cameroon became independent on January 1, 1960, forming the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, in British Cameroon, the northern two-thirds of the territory, which was mostly occupied by Muslims, voted to join Nigeria while the southern one-third of the territory, which was Christian, voted to join the Republic of Cameroon. The British section of Cameroon officially gained independence on October 1, 1961. The first president of Cameroon was Ahmadou Ahidjo, who served from 1961 to 1982. Under Ahidjo's rule, Cameroon outlawed all political parties except for Ahidjo's and implemented a new constitution in 1972. The 1972 constitution, which provides for a strong central government dominated by the executive branch, turned Cameroon from a federation of two regions into a unitary state. When Ahidjo stepped down in 1982, he was constitutionally succeeded by Paul Biya, who is presently still retains the presidency.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>		Cameroon, officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa that is comprised of 10 provinces and 1 capital, Yaounde. It was discovered by Portuguese in the 1500's and its name derives from "Camaroes", which means shrimps in Portuguese. Prior to World War I, Cameroon was a German colony. However, after Germany's defeat in the Great War, the colony was partitioned between France and Great Britain, with France obtaining control of a larger geographic share. In 1955, the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon began an armed struggle for independence in French Cameroon. The French part of Cameroon became independent on January 1, 1960, forming the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, in British Cameroon, the northern two-thirds of the territory, which was mostly occupied by Muslims, voted to join Nigeria while the southern one-third of the territory, which was Christian, voted to join the Republic of Cameroon. The British section of Cameroon officially gained independence on October 1, 1961. The first president of Cameroon was Ahmadou Ahidjo, who served from 1961 to 1982. Under Ahidjo's rule, Cameroon outlawed all political parties except for Ahidjo's and implemented a new constitution in 1972. The 1972 constitution, which provides for a strong central government dominated by the executive branch, turned Cameroon from a federation of two regions into a unitary state. When Ahidjo stepped down in 1982, he was constitutionally succeeded by Paul Biya, who is presently still retains the presidency.<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>

	Cameroon Cameroon is made up of an extraordinary diversity of about 250 tribes speaking at least 280 different indigenous languages. It has a population of about 19.5 million people, among which 20% is Anglophone and 80% Francophone. The official languages of Cameroon are English and French, although the French language is dominant. In anglophone provinces, Pidgin English is widely spoken. Religions in the country range from Christian (40%) or Muslim (20%) to indigenous African (40%).<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>		Cameroon Cameroon is made up of an extraordinary diversity of about 250 tribes speaking at least 280 different indigenous languages. It has a population of about 19.5 million people, among which 20% is Anglophone and 80% Francophone. The official languages of Cameroon are English and French, although the French language is dominant. In anglophone provinces, Pidgin English is widely spoken. Religions in the country range from Christian (40%) or Muslim (20%) to indigenous African (40%).<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm</ref>

IBJadmin: /* Contributors */

2017-04-24T14:25:37Z

Contributors

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 24 April 2017
Line 78:		Line 78:
	==Contributors==		==Contributors==

	~~Content created with the financial support of the Government of~~ Canada ~~provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC)~~.		[[File:Canada logo EN copy.jpeg\|1000px\|left]]

IBJadmin: /* Notes */

2017-04-24T14:25:27Z

Notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 24 April 2017
Line 73:		Line 73:
	In 2015,over 26702 individuals were detained for an official capacity of 17 896 detainees.<ref>www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=21378</ref>		In 2015,over 26702 individuals were detained for an official capacity of 17 896 detainees.<ref>www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=21378</ref>

	==~~Notes~~==		==Sources==
	<references/>		<references/>

IBJadmin: /* Pre-Trial Phase */

2017-04-12T13:37:00Z

Pre-Trial Phase

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 12 April 2017
Line 30:		Line 30:
	The Prosecutor identifies the suspect, summarily examines him/her, and if charges are laid by magistrate, the Prosecutor decides whether the accused is detained or freed on bail<ref>Section 114 (1) NCPP</ref>.		The Prosecutor identifies the suspect, summarily examines him/her, and if charges are laid by magistrate, the Prosecutor decides whether the accused is detained or freed on bail<ref>Section 114 (1) NCPP</ref>.



	After arrest, section 52 of the Code of Penal Procedure provides that an accused shall appear before the Court within:		After arrest, section 52 of the Code of Penal Procedure provides that an accused shall appear before the Court within:

			* 5 days if the accused resides in the city where the hearing is;
	5 days if the accused resides in the city where the hearing is;		* 10 days if he resides in the department where the hearing is;
			* 30 days if he resides in another department or;
	10 days if he resides in the department where the hearing is;		* 90 days if he resides abroad.

	30 days if he resides in another department or;

	90 days if he resides abroad.

	A person arrested has the right to counsel, to speak with his family, to find the means to ensure a defense, to consult a doctor and to get medical treatments if necessary and to take measures to be released on bail<ref>Section 37, NCPP</ref>. Upon arrest, the accused has the right to be informed of the reasons of the arrest and to be accompanied by a third party in order for the third party to know where the accused is taken. The accused may be detained for a period not exceeding 24 hours.		A person arrested has the right to counsel, to speak with his family, to find the means to ensure a defense, to consult a doctor and to get medical treatments if necessary and to take measures to be released on bail<ref>Section 37, NCPP</ref>. Upon arrest, the accused has the right to be informed of the reasons of the arrest and to be accompanied by a third party in order for the third party to know where the accused is taken. The accused may be detained for a period not exceeding 24 hours.
Line 49:		Line 43:
	The New Code has improved and defined the rights of the suspect with regard to police custody (garde à vue). Before, police used this method for hidden purposes, chiefly, to examine suspects by virtually all means in order to obtain confessions, often under coercion. Now, police custody is limited to 48 hours and can be renewed twice by authorization of the Prosecutor<ref>Section 119 NCPP</ref>. During this time, the suspect is entitled to communicate with his lawyer<ref>Section 122 NCPP</ref>. Section 118 of the Code provides that no one having a known residence may be kept under police custody unless there are grave and concordant elements against that person pointing toward the commission of a crime or flagrant offence.		The New Code has improved and defined the rights of the suspect with regard to police custody (garde à vue). Before, police used this method for hidden purposes, chiefly, to examine suspects by virtually all means in order to obtain confessions, often under coercion. Now, police custody is limited to 48 hours and can be renewed twice by authorization of the Prosecutor<ref>Section 119 NCPP</ref>. During this time, the suspect is entitled to communicate with his lawyer<ref>Section 122 NCPP</ref>. Section 118 of the Code provides that no one having a known residence may be kept under police custody unless there are grave and concordant elements against that person pointing toward the commission of a crime or flagrant offence.


	Remedies for victims of unlawful or abusive detention is indemnification: section 236 of the NCPP provides that in such cases, when the charges are dismissed or the accused is found not guilty, the victim may be indemnified if he proves that the detention caused him “actual prejudice of a particular gravity”. The letter of the law does not provide more details as to what “particular gravity” means.		Remedies for victims of unlawful or abusive detention is indemnification: section 236 of the NCPP provides that in such cases, when the charges are dismissed or the accused is found not guilty, the victim may be indemnified if he proves that the detention caused him “actual prejudice of a particular gravity”. The letter of the law does not provide more details as to what “particular gravity” means.

IBJadmin: /* Type of System */

2017-04-12T13:36:14Z

Type of System

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 12 April 2017
Line 18:		Line 18:
	In practice, Cameroon is known to be one of the most corrupted countries in the world. Bribing is a way of life and what is commonly known as a whisky often supersedes formal laws. According to Transparency International, police and the judicial system are among the most corrupt sectors in Cameroon<ref>Wikipedia, Corruption au Cameroun, online: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_au_Cameroun and Transparency Watch, http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2007/november_2007/anti_corruption_work/gcr_french </ref>. Moreover, there is no efficient system of law reporting in the country, despite commendable efforts in that direction. Hence, the law is not readily accessible to citizens and is not applied uniformly.		In practice, Cameroon is known to be one of the most corrupted countries in the world. Bribing is a way of life and what is commonly known as a whisky often supersedes formal laws. According to Transparency International, police and the judicial system are among the most corrupt sectors in Cameroon<ref>Wikipedia, Corruption au Cameroun, online: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_au_Cameroun and Transparency Watch, http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2007/november_2007/anti_corruption_work/gcr_french </ref>. Moreover, there is no efficient system of law reporting in the country, despite commendable efforts in that direction. Hence, the law is not readily accessible to citizens and is not applied uniformly.

	The highest judicial authority in Cameroon is the Supreme Court.<ref>Section 37 Constitution of Cameroon</ref> The Supreme Court<ref>Website of the Supreme Court:http://www.coursupreme.cm/</ref> comprises a judicial bench, an administrative bench and an audit bench. The judicial bench shall give final rulings on appeals accepted by law against final rulings given by the various courts and tribunals ofthe judicial system,judgement's passed, by the lower courts of the judicial system that have become final in cases where the application of the law is challenged and all matters expressly devolving upon it by law. <ref>Section 39 Constitution of Cameroon</ref>.The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the whole country. There is also a High Court of Justice, composed of nine judges and six substitute judges who are elected by the National Assembly.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html</ref> High Courts operate at divisional level, but they also often cover several divisions. The Cameroonian system has trial courts/courts of first instances in every one of its 58 country divisions, with a court of appeal in each of the country's 10 official regions. There are Magistrates' Courts, which operate at sub-divisional level, although they usually cover subdivisions. Finally, there are also Traditional Law Courts, which operate at village or tribal level<ref>GlobaLex, Researching Cameroon Law, Charles Manga Fambad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>.		The highest judicial authority in Cameroon is the Supreme Court.<ref>Section 37 Constitution of Cameroon</ref> The Supreme Court<ref>Website of the Supreme Court:http://www.coursupreme.cm/</ref> comprises a judicial bench, an administrative bench and an audit bench. The judicial bench shall give final rulings on appeals accepted by law against final rulings given by the various courts and tribunals ofthe judicial system,judgement's passed, by the lower courts of the judicial system that have become final in cases where the application of the law is challenged and all matters expressly devolving upon it by law. <ref>Section 39 Constitution of Cameroon</ref>.The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the whole country. There is also a High Court of Justice, composed of nine judges and six substitute judges who are elected by the National Assembly.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html</ref> High Courts operate at divisional level, but they also often cover several divisions. The Cameroonian system has trial courts/courts of first instances in every one of its 58 country divisions, with a court of appeal in each of the country's 10 official regions. There are Magistrates' Courts, which operate at sub-divisional level, although they usually cover subdivisions. Finally, there are also Traditional Law Courts, which operate at village or tribal level<ref>GlobaLex, Researching Cameroon Law, Charles Manga Fambad, online: http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Cameroon.htm </ref>.



	~~----~~
	~~See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]~~

	==Sources of defendants’ rights==		==Sources of defendants’ rights==

IBJadmin: /* Contributors */

2016-11-09T11:45:38Z

Contributors

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 9 November 2016
Line 90:		Line 90:
	==Contributors==		==Contributors==

	Content created with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC)		Content created with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC).

IBJadmin at 14:39, 8 November 2016

2016-11-08T14:39:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 8 November 2016
Line 87:		Line 87:
	==Notes==		==Notes==
	<references/>		<references/>

			==Contributors==

			Content created with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC)