https://defensewiki.ibj.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Kristinamiller 2026-04-30T20:37:25Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.42.1 https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9829 2011-03-18T18:04:32Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> *[http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/1 Precarious Justice (A Human Rights Watch Report)]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal offenses and punishments are determined by judicial interpretation of Sharia law, rather than based on written law. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/8 &lt;/ref&gt; Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants have few, if any, rights. Arrests without warrants, undignified treatment during interrogations, prolonged detention, no-notice trial sessions and verdicts, long delays in trials, and obstacles to challenging evidence plague the criminal justice system. It has been reported that police officers, and sometimes prosecutors, beat and threaten defendants to extract confessions which can be used against the defendant in trial. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no right to bail, and defendants can be held without being formally charged. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants are sometimes discouraged from hiring lawyers to represent them through judge intimidation and bans. To help fix this problem, the Shura Council approved the establishment of a public defender program in January 2010. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The defendant’s testimony is given great weight, although it takes the testimony of two women to equal that of one man. Trials are closed and lack juries. Consulate officials of foreign nationals on trial are not permitted to attend the trial of the foreign national. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> Defendants may appeal the decision to the Ministry of Justice or, for serious cases, a court of appeal. Sentences of death or amputation are heard by a panel of five judges. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; For all death sentences issued on a “discretionary basis,” the Shura Council requires a unanimous decision among a five-judge panel at the appeals court. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The King has final review of all death sentence cases. <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9828 2011-03-18T18:03:49Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> *[http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/1 Precarious Justice (A Human Rights Watch Report)]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal offenses and punishments are determined by judicial interpretation of Sharia law, rather than based on written law. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/8 &lt;/ref&gt; Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants have few, if any, rights. Arrests without warrants, undignified treatment during interrogations, prolonged detention, no-notice trial sessions and verdicts, long delays in trials, and obstacles to challenging evidence plague the criminal justice system. It has been reported that police officers, and sometimes prosecutors, beat and threaten defendants to extract confessions which can be used against the defendant in trial. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no right to bail, and defendants can be held without being formally charged. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants are sometimes discouraged from hiring lawyers to represent them through judge intimidation and bans. To help fix this problem, the Shura Council approved the establishment of a public defender program in January 2010. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The defendant’s testimony is given great weight, although it takes the testimony of two women to equal that of one man. Trials are closed and lack juries. Consulate officials of foreign nationals on trial are not permitted to attend the trial of the foreign national. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> Defendants may appeal the decision to the Ministry of Justice or, for serious cases, a court of appeal. Sentences of death or amputation are heard by a panel of five judges. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; For all death sentences issued on a “discretionary basis,” the Shura Council requires a unanimous decision among a five-judge panel at the appeals court. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The King has final review of all death sentence cases. <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9827 2011-03-18T18:03:12Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> *[http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/1 Precarious Justice (A Human Rights Watch Report)]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal offenses and punishments are determined by judicial interpretation of Sharia law, rather than based on written law. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/8 &lt;/ref&gt; Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants have few, if any, rights. Arrests without warrants, undignified treatment during interrogations, prolonged detention, no-notice trial sessions and verdicts, long delays in trials, and obstacles to challenging evidence plague the criminal justice system. It has been reported that police officers, and sometimes prosecutors, beat and threaten defendants to extract confessions which can be used against the defendant in trial. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no right to bail, and defendants can be held without being formally charged. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> Defendants are sometimes discouraged from hiring lawyers to represent them through judge intimidation and bans. To help fix this problem, the Shura Council approved the establishment of a public defender program in January 2010. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The defendant’s testimony is given great weight, although it takes the testimony of two women to equal that of one man. Trials are closed and lack juries. Consulate officials of foreign nationals on trial are not permitted to attend the trial of the foreign national. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> Defendants may appeal the decision to the Ministry of Justice or, for serious cases, a court of appeal. Sentences of death or amputation are heard by a panel of five judges. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11682.html &lt;/ref&gt; For all death sentences issued on a “discretionary basis,” the Shura Council requires a unanimous decision among a five-judge panel at the appeals court. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; The King has final review of all death sentence cases. <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9826 2011-03-18T17:48:37Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> *[http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/1 Precarious Justice (A Human Rights Watch Report)]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal offenses and punishments are determined by judicial interpretation of Sharia law, rather than based on written law. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/8 &lt;/ref&gt; Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9825 2011-03-18T17:45:33Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> *[http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/1 Precarious Justice (A Human Rights Watch Report)]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9824 2011-03-18T17:39:57Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Sources of Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial review. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9823 2011-03-18T17:38:28Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of Muslim life. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial approval. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9822 2011-03-18T17:37:13Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/CriminalProcedures2001-1of3.aspx Law of Criminal Procedure]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of muslim life. ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial approval. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9821 2011-03-18T17:00:45Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Sources of Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of muslim life. ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite declarations by the government that the criminal justice system adheres to high standards, defendants’ rights are systematically and fundamentally violated. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62304/section/3 &lt;/ref&gt; There is no penal code, therefore there is no way for residents or visitors to know what acts are considered criminal or what rights, if any, they have once accused. There is a criminal procedure code (created in 2002) called the Law of Criminal Procedure, but not all of the international standards for basic defendant rights are included in the document. For example, the code gives the prosecutor the right to issue arrest warrants and prolong pretrial detention periods without judicial approval. Another example is that statements obtained from people under duress due to torture or undignified treatment are permitted in court.<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9820 2011-03-18T16:32:40Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of muslim life. ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. Cases are first heard in the First Instance Courts.<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9819 2011-03-18T16:29:10Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia is a monarchy governed according to Sharia law, Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna that guides all aspects of muslim life. ref&gt; http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034 &lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, royal decree created the Basic System, the fundamental constitutional document that articulates rights and responsibilities of the government. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The Basic System is complemented by other secular laws and organizations, including the Regional Law and the Consultative Counsel Law.The King is the ultimate authority, and there is also a legislative branch and a judicial branch of government. <br /> <br /> <br /> The legal system is based on Sharia law. Following the 2007 royal decree to change the judicial system, the courts have become more modern and include multiple-judge courts and regular appeals. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/saudi_arabia.htm &lt;/ref&gt; The High Court is the highest judicial body. There are also Courts of Appeal which specialize in areas such as Labor, Commercial, and Criminal Circuits. <br /> <br /> <br /> Saudi Arabia does not have a penal code. Criminal defenses may be determined as a matter of opinion rather than based on written law. Judges can issue death sentences for offenses against God, offenses against people as defined under Sharia, and on a “discretionary basis” for acts a judge believes merits the death penalty. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/14/saudi-arabia-criminal-justice-strengthened &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9818 2011-03-18T16:13:11Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is known for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9817 2011-03-18T16:11:54Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is famous for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9816 2011-03-18T16:11:04Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendant of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is famous for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9815 2011-03-18T16:10:45Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in the heart of the Middle East, is the largest country in the Middle East and the birthplace of Islam. &lt;ref&gt; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia &lt;/ref&gt; The modern Saudi state was founded and unified in 1932 by Ibn Saud. King Abdallah, a descendent of Ibn Saud, currently rules the country. Saudi Arabia is famous for producing oil and natural gas, and it is home to over 20% of the world’s proven oil reserves. <br /> The population of Saudi Arabia is just over 26 million. About 5.5 million people are non-nationals. The population is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Islam is the country’s only religion. The population is young, with just 3% of the population over age 65 and a median age of 25.3. Life expectancy is about 74 years. The major cities are Riyadh (the capital), Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina. Most of the terrain is uninhabited, sandy desert. There are also great coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, which are useful for shipping. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&diff=9416 2011-03-01T14:51:15Z

<p>Kristinamiller: Created page with &quot;{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot; |- |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; ...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Criminal_Justice_Systems_Around_the_World&diff=9415 2011-03-01T14:48:37Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Country Pages */</p> <hr /> <div>Criminal justice systems can be loosely classified as either common, civil, Islamic or socialist law in nature. However, today many jurisdictions have adopted hybrid models that combine elements of various legal systems. Many of these systems share a common set of [[Core Values | core values]]. In addition, most criminal justice systems have adopted a [[Legality Principle | legality principle]]. Almost every criminal justice system is made of of similar [[Actors in the Criminal Justice System | actors]].<br /> <br /> ==Country Pages==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> * Afghanistan<br /> * Algeria<br /> * Angola<br /> * [[Argentina]]<br /> * Armenia<br /> * Australia<br /> * [[Azerbaijan]]<br /> * [[Bangladesh]]<br /> * Belgium<br /> * Benin<br /> * Bolivia<br /> * [[Brazil]]<br /> * [[Brunei]]<br /> * [[Burundi]] <br /> * Cameroon<br /> *[[Cambodia]]<br /> * [[Canada]]<br /> * Central African Republic<br /> * Chad<br /> * [[Chile]]<br /> *[[China]] <br /> * Colombia<br /> * Côte d'Ivoire<br /> * [[Cuba]]<br /> * Cyprus<br /> * [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]<br /> * Ecuador<br /> * [[Egypt]]<br /> * El Salvador<br /> *[[England and Wales]]<br /> * Ethiopia<br /> * Finland<br /> * [[France]]<br /> ** French Guiana<br /> * Georgia<br /> *Germany<br /> &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> * Ghana<br /> * Greece<br /> * Guatemala<br /> * Guinea<br /> * Guinea Bissau<br /> * Guyana<br /> * Haiti<br /> * Hong Kong<br /> *[[India]]<br /> *[[Indonesia]]<br /> *Iran<br /> *Iraq<br /> *Ireland<br /> *Israel<br /> * [[Italy]]<br /> *Jamaica<br /> *[[Japan]]<br /> * Jordan<br /> *[[Kenya]]<br /> *[[Laos]]<br /> * Lebanon<br /> * [[Liberia]]<br /> * Malawi<br /> * [[Malaysia]]<br /> * Mali<br /> *[[Mexico]]<br /> * Mongolia <br /> * Morocco<br /> *[[Myanmar]]<br /> * [[Nepal]]<br /> * Netherlands<br /> *New Zealand<br /> * Nigeria<br /> * North Korea<br /> * Norway<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> * [[Pakistan]]<br /> * Paraguay<br /> * Peru<br /> * Poland<br /> * Romania<br /> * [[Rwanda]]<br /> * Russia<br /> * [[Saudi Arabia]]<br /> * Senegal<br /> * Serbia<br /> * Sierra Leone<br /> * [[Singapore]]<br /> * [[South Africa]]<br /> * Spain<br /> *[[Sri Lanka]]<br /> * Sudan<br /> * Suriname<br /> * [[Swaziland]]<br /> * [[Sweden]]<br /> * [[Switzerland]]<br /> * Syria<br /> *[[Tanzania]] <br /> **[[Zanzibar]]<br /> *[[Thailand]]<br /> * Trinidad and Tobago <br /> *[[The Republic of the Philippines]]<br /> * Turkey<br /> *[[Uganda]] <br /> * Ukraine<br /> *United Arab Emirates<br /> *[[United States]]<br /> * Uruguay <br /> * Uzbekistan<br /> * [[Venezuela]]<br /> *[[Vietnam]] <br /> *[[Zimbabwe]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Other Countries==<br /> See a country that is not listed here? Email elearning@ibj.org.</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9381 2011-03-01T03:53:35Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Post-Conviction */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts and the High Court. More serious offenses are generally heard in the High Court. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> There are no jury trials and counsel is only provided by the government for death penalty cases. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; The Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (CLAS) founded by the Law Society of Singapore provides some representation for people who claim trial. There is a high prosecutorial success rate in Singapore. There is also concern about evidentiary procedures in criminal proceedings, notably the lack of discovery and the questionability of witness statements recorded by police. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases heard in the Subordinate Court may appeal to the High Court. Criminal cases, usually more serious offenses, heard in the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal. <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9380 2011-03-01T03:53:05Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Trial */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts and the High Court. More serious offenses are generally heard in the High Court. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> There are no jury trials and counsel is only provided by the government for death penalty cases. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; The Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (CLAS) founded by the Law Society of Singapore provides some representation for people who claim trial. There is a high prosecutorial success rate in Singapore. There is also concern about evidentiary procedures in criminal proceedings, notably the lack of discovery and the questionability of witness statements recorded by police. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Criminal cases heard in the Subordinate Court may appeal to the High Court. Criminal cases, usually more serious offenses, heard in the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal. <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9379 2011-03-01T03:52:18Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Pre-Trial */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts and the High Court. More serious offenses are generally heard in the High Court. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> There are no jury trials and counsel is only provided by the government for death penalty cases. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; The Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (CLAS) founded by the Law Society of Singapore provides some representation for people who claim trial. There is a high prosecutorial success rate in Singapore. There is also concern about evidentiary procedures in criminal proceedings, notably the lack of discovery and the witness statements recorded by police. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Criminal cases heard in the Subordinate Court may appeal to the High Court. Criminal cases, usually more serious offenses, heard in the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal. <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9378 2011-03-01T03:50:20Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Trial */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts, appealed to the High Court, and the High Court, appealed to the Court of Appeal. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> There are no jury trials and counsel is only provided by the government for death penalty cases. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; The Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (CLAS) founded by the Law Society of Singapore provides some representation for people who claim trial. There is a high prosecutorial success rate in Singapore. There is also concern about evidentiary procedures in criminal proceedings, notably the lack of discovery and the witness statements recorded by police. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Criminal cases heard in the Subordinate Court may appeal to the High Court. Criminal cases, usually more serious offenses, heard in the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal. <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9377 2011-03-01T03:49:51Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts, appealed to the High Court, and the High Court, appealed to the Court of Appeal. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> There are no jury trials and counsel is only provided by the government for death penalty cases. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; The Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (CLAS) founded by the Law Society of Singapore provides some representation for people who claim trial.<br /> There is a high prosecutorial success rate in Singapore. There is also concern about evidentiary procedures in criminal proceedings, notably the lack of discovery and the witness statements recorded by police. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Criminal cases heard in the Subordinate Court may appeal to the High Court. Criminal cases, usually more serious offenses, heard in the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal. <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9376 2011-03-01T03:49:02Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Pre-Trial */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> Criminal cases are heard in the Subordinate Courts, appealed to the High Court, and the High Court, appealed to the Court of Appeal. Accused people may plead guilty or claim trial. If the accused person expresses genuine remorse, a mitigation plea followed by a timely guilty plea can mitigate sentencing. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelawreview.org/2008/04/an-overview-singapore-criminal-law-and-justice/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9375 2011-03-01T03:48:19Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Sources of Defendants&#039; Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Criminal Procedure Code provides that the defendant must have the charges read and explained to him as soon as the prosecution frames its case. Defendants have the right to a fair trial in front of a judge. There are no jury trials. Defendants have the right to be present at the trial, have a presumption of innocence, and a right of appeal in most cases. (Note an Exception to the Presumption of Innocence: In narcotics cases, the drug act places the burden on the defendant to prove he was not in possession, custody, or control of the substance. ) &lt;ref&gt; http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/136008.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9374 2011-03-01T03:47:00Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-68&amp;doctitle=CRIMINAL%20PROCEDURE%20CODE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=whole&amp;doctitle= Criminal Procedure Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9373 2011-03-01T03:36:15Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9372 2011-03-01T03:35:43Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> Many narcotics offenses carry a mandatory death penalty sentence, and many vandalism offenses require a mandatory caning sentence. There are also strict penalties for crimes related to various guns and weapons. Jaywalking and littering are also considered crimes. &lt;ref&gt; http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime &lt;/ref&gt; Singapore has one of the highest execution rates in the world, and a significant number of those executed include foreign nationals. &lt;ref&gt; http://web.archive.org/web/20080111225751/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/aad0c6f3-a509-11dc-a92d-271514ed133d/asa360012004en.html &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9371 2011-03-01T03:30:50Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-224 Penal Code]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9370 2011-03-01T03:13:27Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9369 2011-03-01T03:11:45Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9368 2011-03-01T03:10:39Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9367 2011-03-01T03:08:56Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Type of System */</p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system is based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. There are several specialized courts, such as a Community Court and a Bail Court, to encourage efficiency and strict case management. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html#Section7 &lt;/ref&gt; The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9366 2011-03-01T02:58:30Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> A former British colony, Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a legal system is based on English common law. The constitution is based on the pre-independent State of Singapore Constitution, and it was written in 1959 and amended in 1965. &lt;ref&gt; <br /> https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html &lt;/ref&gt; There are three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court, divided into the Court of Appeal and the High Court, as well as Subordinate Courts and a Constitutional Tribunal. The judge decides both legal and factual issues. The jury system was abolished in 1970. &lt;ref&gt; http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm &lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9365 2011-03-01T01:50:10Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Official Prison Capacity: 13, 876 (92% occupancy level)<br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9364 2011-03-01T01:46:00Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population: 12,944 (national prison administration, via Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators) <br /> *Mid-2009 Prison Population Composition: 16.3% foreign prisoners, 15.4% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 9.8% female prisoners, 4.7% juveniles/minors/young prisoners (2007 average)<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9241 2011-02-21T15:15:55Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> <br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9240 2011-02-21T15:15:14Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-CONST&amp;doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&amp;date=latest&amp;method=part&amp;sl=1 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore]<br /> *[[Media:Laos Law of Criminal Procedure.pdf | Laos Law of Criminal Procedure]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9234 2011-02-21T14:49:13Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[[Media:Laos Penal Code.pdf | Laos Penal Code]]<br /> *[[Media:Laos Law of Criminal Procedure.pdf | Laos Law of Criminal Procedure]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html <br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/<br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e<br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm<br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/<br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9230 2011-02-21T14:46:49Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>{| style=&quot;float: right; padding:10px; margin:5px 0px 20px 20px; width: 280px; border: 1px solid darkblue&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;ADDITIONAL RESOURCES&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> *[[Media:Laos Penal Code.pdf | Laos Penal Code]]<br /> *[[Media:Laos Law of Criminal Procedure.pdf | Laos Law of Criminal Procedure]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;LEGAL TRAINING RESOURCE CENTER&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> * [http://elearning.ibj.org eLearning Courses for Criminal Defense lawyers]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate. <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendants' Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post-Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> See [[Criminal Justice Systems Around the World]]<br /> &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#143966; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#ffffff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;QUICK FACTS&lt;/h2&gt;<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9227 2011-02-21T14:40:42Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html<br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ <br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e <br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm <br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9185 2011-02-19T14:07:28Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> 1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html<br /> 2. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ <br /> 3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table<br /> 4. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=14C1E722FEE4F90E80256DFE0068898C&amp;lang=e <br /> 5. http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/singapore/page.do?id=1011233<br /> 6. http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Singapore.htm <br /> 7. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/<br /> 8. http://app.www.sg/</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9184 2011-02-19T14:05:01Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial center and high-tech hub. It also has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9183 2011-02-19T14:03:20Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore, also known as &quot;Lion City,&quot; consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded in 1819 as a British trading colony, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial and high-tech center and has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2 billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9178 2011-02-18T23:10:48Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore, conventionally known as Singapore or “Lion City,” is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia that consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial and high-tech hub and has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9177 2011-02-18T23:06:29Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Defendant&#039;s Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore, conventionally known as Singapore or “Lion City,” is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia that consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial and high-tech hub and has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> ====Pre-Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Post Conviction====</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9176 2011-02-18T23:01:28Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore, conventionally known as Singapore or “Lion City,” is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia that consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial and high-tech hub and has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sources of Defendant's Rights==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Defendant's Rights==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=9175 2011-02-18T22:59:21Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> The Republic of Singapore, conventionally known as Singapore or “Lion City,” is a prosperous island nation in Southeast Asia that consists of the main island of Singapore plus 63 offshore islands. Originally founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore gained independence from the British in 1963, merged with Malaysia for two years, and became fully independent in 1965. Today, Singapore is a leading financial and high-tech hub and has one of the busiest ports in the world. The estimated GDP in 2010 was $292.2billion. The most common industries in Singapore’s export-driven economy are consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.<br /> <br /> Nearly 5 million people live in Singapore, and the entire population lives in an urban setting. The population is 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 7% Indian. Between one-third and one-fourth of the population are foreigners. Buddhism is the most popular religion (42.5%), followed by Muslim (14.9%), and Christian (9.8%). There are four official languages: Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The national anthem is exclusively sung in Malay. The life expectancy of 82 years is among the highest in the world, and 92.5% of the population is literate.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=8995 2011-02-14T18:14:31Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Type of System==</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Singapore&diff=8991 2011-02-14T17:08:01Z

<p>Kristinamiller: </p> <hr /> <div>==Background==<br /> <br /> This is the page for Singapore.<br /> <br /> ==Type of System==<br /> <br /> This is how you footnote.&lt;ref&gt;Black's Law Dictionary&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;references&gt;</div>

Kristinamiller https://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php?title=Criminal_Justice_Systems_Around_the_World&diff=8990 2011-02-14T17:03:55Z

<p>Kristinamiller: /* Country Pages */</p> <hr /> <div>Criminal justice systems can be loosely classified as either common, civil, Islamic or socialist law in nature. However, today many jurisdictions have adopted hybrid models that combine elements of various legal systems. Many of these systems share a common set of [[Core Values | core values]]. In addition, most criminal justice systems have adopted a [[Legality Principle | legality principle]]. Almost every criminal justice system is made of of similar [[Actors in the Criminal Justice System | actors]].<br /> <br /> ==Country Pages==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> * Afghanistan<br /> * Algeria<br /> * [[Argentina]]<br /> * Armenia<br /> * Australia<br /> * Azerbaijan<br /> * [[Bangladesh]]<br /> *Belgium<br /> * Benin<br /> * Bolivia<br /> * Brazil<br /> * [[Brunei]]<br /> *[[Burundi]] <br /> * Cameroon<br /> *[[Cambodia]]<br /> *Canada <br /> * Central African Republic<br /> * Chile<br /> *[[China]] <br /> * Colombia<br /> * [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]<br /> * Ecuador<br /> * [[Egypt]]<br /> * El Salvador<br /> * Ethiopia<br /> * [[France]]<br /> ** French Guiana<br /> * Georgia<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> *Germany<br /> * Ghana<br /> * Guatemala<br /> * Guinea<br /> * Guinea Bissau<br /> * Guyana<br /> * Haiti<br /> *[[India]]<br /> *[[Indonesia]]<br /> *Iran<br /> *Iraq<br /> *Ireland<br /> * [[Italy]]<br /> *Jamaica<br /> * Jordan<br /> *[[Kenya]]<br /> *[[Laos]]<br /> * Lebanon<br /> * [[Liberia]]<br /> * Malawi<br /> * [[Malaysia]]<br /> *[[Mexico]]<br /> * Mongolia <br /> *[[Myanmar]]<br /> * [[Nepal]]<br /> * Netherlands<br /> *New Zealand<br /> * Nigeria<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 33%&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> * North Korea<br /> * [[Pakistan]]<br /> * Paraguay<br /> <br /> * [[Rwanda]]<br /> * Serbia<br /> * Sierra Leone<br /> * [[Singapore]]<br /> * [[South Africa]]<br /> *[[Sri Lanka]]<br /> *Sudan<br /> * Suriname<br /> * Swaziland<br /> *Switzerland<br /> * Syria<br /> *[[Tanzania]] <br /> **[[Zanzibar]]<br /> *[[Thailand]]<br /> * Trinidad and Tobago <br /> *[[The Republic of the Philippines]]<br /> *[[Uganda]] <br /> *United Arab Emirates<br /> *United Kingdom<br /> *[[United States]]<br /> * Uruguay <br /> * [[Venezuela]]<br /> *[[Vietnam]] <br /> *[[Zimbabwe]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Other Countries==<br /> See a country that is not listed here? Email elearning@ibj.org.</div>

Kristinamiller