Difference between revisions of "International Law"

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{{Languages|International Law}}
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Please, click on each of the following link to read the corresponding information and legal documents.
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=Courts=
 
=Courts=
 
*[[International Court of Justice]] (The Hague, Netherlands)
 
*[[International Court of Justice]] (The Hague, Netherlands)
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==Background==
 
==Background==
Since the United Nations was founded in 1945, the various states have drafted several tools to facilitate international law. Several of those international tools are listed here, with a focus on criminal justice and prisoners' rights. Some of these tools are called "basic principals" while others are called "covenants". Generally speaking, principals are advisory, while covenants are binding on the states. The [[International Court of Justice]] provides remedies for violations of some of these covenants.
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Since the United Nations was founded in 1945, the various states have drafted several tools to facilitate international law.  
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Several of those international tools are listed here, with a focus on criminal justice, rights of the accused, prohibition of torture and prisoners’ rights contained within relevants sections of each document. Please, note that only the provisions relevant to these issues are selected. By concern of clarity, some articles are not quoted in their original version but their content is summarized. It also provides which country ratified, signed or otherwise adopted each specific treaty and when.
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Note that declarations, principles, guidelines and rules have no binding legal effect, but provide member states with a standard, and advisory or moral force and provide practical guidance to states in their conduct. Hence there is hereforth no reference to signing or ratification.  However, covenants, conventions, statutes, and protocols are legally binding for those states that sign and then ratify or accede to them. By signing a convention, a state expresses its intention to become a party to the convention. However, signature does not oblige a state to take further action towards ratification. Ratification involves the legal obligation for the state to apply the convention. It is reserved for Member States (although there are some exceptions).
  
 
==Torture==
 
==Torture==
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* [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]
 
* [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]
 
* [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]
 
* [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]
* [[Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]
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* [[Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty]]
 
* [[International Covenant for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance]]
 
* [[International Covenant for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance]]
 
* [[Common Article 3 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols I and II]]
 
* [[Common Article 3 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols I and II]]
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==African==
 
==African==
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====Binding Instruments====
 
*  [[African Charter on Human and Peoples'Rights]]
 
*  [[African Charter on Human and Peoples'Rights]]
 
*  [[African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child]]
 
*  [[African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child]]
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====Declarations====
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* [[Kampala Declaration on Prison Conditions in Africa]]
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* [[Kadoma Declaration on Community Service]]
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* [[Resolution on the Right to a Fair Trial and Legal Assistance in Africa - The Dakar Declaration and Resolution]]
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* [[Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trial and Legal Assistance in Africa]]
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* [[Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action on Accelerating Prison and Penal Reform in Africa]]
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* [[Lilongwe Declaration on Accessing Legal Aid in Criminal Justice System in Africa and Plan of Action]]
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* [[Guidelines and Measures for the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Africa (Robben Island Guidelines)]]
  
 
==American==
 
==American==
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* [[ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Charter]]
 
* [[ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Charter]]
 
* [[ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission of Human Rights Terms of Reference]]
 
* [[ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission of Human Rights Terms of Reference]]
{{Languages|International Law}}
 

Latest revision as of 13:33, 5 September 2012

Globe3.png English  • français


Please, click on each of the following link to read the corresponding information and legal documents.

Courts

International Instruments

Background

Since the United Nations was founded in 1945, the various states have drafted several tools to facilitate international law.

Several of those international tools are listed here, with a focus on criminal justice, rights of the accused, prohibition of torture and prisoners’ rights contained within relevants sections of each document. Please, note that only the provisions relevant to these issues are selected. By concern of clarity, some articles are not quoted in their original version but their content is summarized. It also provides which country ratified, signed or otherwise adopted each specific treaty and when.

Note that declarations, principles, guidelines and rules have no binding legal effect, but provide member states with a standard, and advisory or moral force and provide practical guidance to states in their conduct. Hence there is hereforth no reference to signing or ratification. However, covenants, conventions, statutes, and protocols are legally binding for those states that sign and then ratify or accede to them. By signing a convention, a state expresses its intention to become a party to the convention. However, signature does not oblige a state to take further action towards ratification. Ratification involves the legal obligation for the state to apply the convention. It is reserved for Member States (although there are some exceptions).

Torture

Binding Instruments

UN General Assembly Declarations

Prisoner's Rights and Sentencing Standards

UN General Assembly Declarations

UN ECOSOC Resolutions

Children's Rights

Binding Instruments

UN General Assembly Declarations

Other

Binding Instruments

UN General Assembly Declarations

UN ECOSOC Resolutions

UN Congresses

Regional Instruments

African

Binding Instruments

Declarations

American

Arab

European

Asian