Difference between revisions of "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"

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=Status of Signature, Ratification, Accession to the ICCPR=
 
=Status of Signature, Ratification, Accession to the ICCPR=
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
! Country
 +
! Signature
 +
! Ratification/Accession
 +
|-
 +
| Albania
 +
| -
 +
| 4 October 2007
 +
|-
 +
| Algeria
 +
| -
 +
| 12 September 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Andorra
 +
| 5 August 2002
 +
| 22 September 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Angola
 +
| -
 +
| 10 January 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Argentina
 +
| -
 +
| 8 August 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Armenia
 +
| -
 +
| 23 June 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Australia
 +
| -
 +
| 25 September 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Austria
 +
| 10 December 1973
 +
| 10 December 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Azerbaijan
 +
| -
 +
| 27 November 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Barbardos
 +
| -
 +
| 5 January 1973
 +
|-
 +
| Belarus
 +
| -
 +
| 30 September 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Belgium
 +
| -
 +
| 17 May 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Benin
 +
| -
 +
| 12 March 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Bolivia
 +
| -
 +
| 12 August 1982
 +
|-
 +
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
 +
| 1 March 1995
 +
| 1 March 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Brazil
 +
| -
 +
| 25 September 2009
 +
|-
 +
| Bulgaria
 +
| 26 March 1992
 +
| 3 June 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Burkina Faso
 +
| -
 +
| 4 January 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Cambodia
 +
| 27 September 2004
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Cameroon
 +
| -
 +
| 27 June 1984
 +
|-
 +
| Canada
 +
| -
 +
| 19 May 1976
 +
|-
 +
| Cape Verde
 +
| -
 +
| 19 May 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Central African Republic
 +
| -
 +
| 8 May 1981
 +
|-
 +
| Chad
 +
| -
 +
| 9 June 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Chile
 +
| -
 +
| 27 May 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Colombia
 +
| 21 December 1966
 +
| 29 October 1969
 +
|-
 +
| Congo
 +
| -
 +
| 5 October 1983
 +
|-
 +
| Costa Rica
 +
| 19 December 1966
 +
| 29 November 1968
 +
|-
 +
| Ivory Coast
 +
| -
 +
| 5 March 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Croatia
 +
| -
 +
| 12 October 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Cyprus
 +
| 19 December 1966
 +
| 15 April 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Czech Republic
 +
| -
 +
| 22 February 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
 +
| -
 +
| 1 November 1976
 +
|-
 +
| Denmark
 +
| 20 March 1968
 +
| 6 January 1972
 +
|-
 +
| Djibouti
 +
| -
 +
| 5 November 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Dominican Republic
 +
| -
 +
| 4 January 1978
 +
|-
 +
| Ecuador
 +
| 4 April 1968
 +
| 6 March 1969
 +
|-
 +
| El Salvador
 +
| 21 September 1967
 +
| 6 June 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Equatorial Guinea
 +
| -
 +
| 25 September 1987
 +
|-
 +
| Estonia
 +
| -
 +
| 21 October 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Finland
 +
| 11 December 1967
 +
| 19 August 1975
 +
|-
 +
| France
 +
| -
 +
| 17 February 1984
 +
|-
 +
| Gambia
 +
| -
 +
| 9 June 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Georgia
 +
| -
 +
| 3 May 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Germany
 +
| -
 +
| 25 August 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Ghana
 +
| 7 September 2000
 +
| 7 September 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Greece
 +
| -
 +
| 5 May 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Guatemala
 +
| -
 +
| 28 November 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea
 +
| 19 March 1975
 +
| 17 June 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea Bissau
 +
| 12 September 2000
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Guyana
 +
| -
 +
| 5 January 1999
 +
|-
 +
| Honduras
 +
| 19 December 1966
 +
| 7 June 2005
 +
|-
 +
| Hungary
 +
| -
 +
| 7 September 1988
 +
|-
 +
| Iceland
 +
| -
 +
| 22 August 1979
 +
|-
 +
| Ireland
 +
| -
 +
| 8 December 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Italy
 +
| 30 April 1976
 +
| 15 September 1978
 +
|-
 +
| Jamaica
 +
| [19 December 1966]
 +
| [3 October 1975]
 +
|-
 +
| Kazakhstan
 +
| 25 September 2007
 +
| 30 June 2009
 +
|-
 +
| Kyrgyzstan
 +
| -
 +
| 7 October 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Latvia
 +
| -
 +
| 22 June 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Lesotho
 +
| -
 +
| 6 September 2000
 +
|-
 +
| Liberia
 +
| 22 September 2004
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Libyan Ara Jamahiriya
 +
| -
 +
| 16 May 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Liechtenstien
 +
| -
 +
| 10 December 1998
 +
|-
 +
| Lithuania
 +
| -
 +
| 20 November 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Luxembourg
 +
| -
 +
| 18 August 1983
 +
|-
 +
| Magadascar
 +
| 17 September 1969
 +
| 21 June 1971
 +
|-
 +
| Malawi
 +
| -
 +
| 11 June 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Maldives
 +
| -
 +
| 19 September 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Mali
 +
| -
 +
| 24 October 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Malta
 +
| -
 +
| 13 September 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Mauritius
 +
|
 +
| 12 December 1973
 +
|-
 +
| Mexico
 +
| -
 +
| 15 March 2002
 +
|-
 +
| Mongolia
 +
| -
 +
| 16 April 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Montenegro
 +
| -
 +
| 23 October 2006
 +
|-
 +
| Namibia
 +
| -
 +
| 28 November 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Nauru
 +
| 12 November 2001
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Nepal
 +
| -
 +
| 14 May 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Netherlands
 +
| 25 June 1969
 +
| 11 December 1978
 +
|-
 +
| New Zealand
 +
| -
 +
| 26 May 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Nicaragua
 +
| -
 +
| 12 March 1980
 +
|-
 +
| Niger
 +
| -
 +
| 7 March 1986
 +
|-
 +
| Norway
 +
| 20 March 1968
 +
| 13 September 1972
 +
|-
 +
| Panama
 +
| 27 July 1976
 +
| 8 March 1977
 +
|-
 +
| Paraguay
 +
| -
 +
| 10 January 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Peru
 +
| 11 August 1977
 +
| 3 October 1980
 +
|-
 +
| Philippines
 +
| 19 December 1966
 +
| 22 August 1989
 +
|-
 +
| Poland
 +
| -
 +
| 7 June 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Portugal
 +
| 1 August 1978
 +
| 3 May 1983
 +
|-
 +
| Republic of Korea
 +
| -
 +
| 10 April 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Republic of Moldova
 +
| 16 September 2005
 +
| 23 January 2008
 +
|-
 +
| Romania
 +
| -
 +
| 20 July 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Russian Federation
 +
| -
 +
| 1 October 1991
 +
|-
 +
| San Marino
 +
| -
 +
| 18 October 1985
 +
|-
 +
| Sao Tome and Principe
 +
| 6 September 2000
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Senegal
 +
| 6 July 2970
 +
| 13 February 1978
 +
|-
 +
| Serbia
 +
| 12 March 2001
 +
| 6 September 2001
 +
|-
 +
| Seychelles
 +
| -
 +
| 5 May 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Sierra Leone
 +
| -
 +
| 23 August 1996
 +
|-
 +
| Slovakia
 +
| -
 +
| 28 May 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Slovenia
 +
| -
 +
| 16 July 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Solomon Islands
 +
| -
 +
| 10 April 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Somalia
 +
| 9 May 2002
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| South Africa
 +
| 29 January 1993
 +
| 16 June 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Spain
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 6 December 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Sri Lanka
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 12 July 1991
 +
|-
 +
| St Kitts and Nevis
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 24 July 1990
 +
|-
 +
| St Lucia
 +
| 30 September 1990
 +
| 16 June 1993
 +
|-
  
 +
| St Vincent and the Grenadines
 +
| 20 September 1993
 +
| 26 October 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Sudan
 +
| 24 July 1990
 +
| 3 August 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Suriname
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 1 March 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Swaziland
 +
| 22 August 1990
 +
| 7 September 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Sweden
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 29 June 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Switzerland
 +
| 1 May 1991
 +
| 24 February 1997
 +
|-
 +
| Syrian Arab Republic
 +
| 18 September 1990
 +
| 15 July 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Tajikistan
 +
| -
 +
| 26 October 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Thailand
 +
| -
 +
| 27 March 1992
 +
|-
 +
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
 +
| -
 +
| 2 December 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Timor Leste
 +
| -
 +
| 16 April 2003
 +
|-
 +
| Togo
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 1 August 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Tonga
 +
| -
 +
| 6 November 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Trinidad and Tobago
 +
| 30 September 1990
 +
| 5 December 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Tunisia
 +
| 26 February 1990
 +
| 30 January 1992
 +
|-
 +
| Turkey
 +
| 14 September 1990
 +
| 4 April 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Turkmenistan
 +
| -
 +
| 20 September 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Tuvalu
 +
| -
 +
| 22 September 1995
 +
|-
 +
| Uganda
 +
| 17 August 1990
 +
| 17 August 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Ukraine
 +
| 21 February 1990
 +
| 28 August 1991
 +
|-
 +
| United Arab Emirates
 +
| -
 +
| 3 January 1997
 +
|-
 +
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 +
| 19 April 1990
 +
| 16 December 1991
 +
|-
 +
| United Republic of Tanzania
 +
| 1 June 1990
 +
| 10 June 1991
 +
|-
 +
| United State of America
 +
| 16 February 1995
 +
| -
 +
|-
 +
| Uruguay
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 20 November 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Uzbekistan
 +
| -
 +
| 29 June 1994
 +
|-
 +
| Vanuatu
 +
| 30 September 1990
 +
| 7 July 1993
 +
|-
 +
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 13 September 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Viet Nam
 +
| 26 January 1990
 +
| 28 February 1990
 +
|-
 +
| Yemen
 +
| 13 February 1990
 +
| 1 May 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Zambia
 +
| 30 September 1990
 +
| 6 December 1991
 +
|-
 +
| Zimbabwe
 +
| 8 March 1990
 +
| 11 September 1990
 +
|-
 +
|}
 
----
 
----
 
See [[International Law]]
 
See [[International Law]]

Revision as of 16:42, 18 April 2012

Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI), on December 16, 1966. Entered into force on March 23, 1976.

Relevant Provisions of the ICCPR

Article 2

1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

3. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:

(a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;

(b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;

(c) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.

Article 6

Right to life. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

Article 7

Prohibition of torture or curel, inhuman or degrading tratment or punishment.

Article 9

1. Right to liberty and security of the person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.

2. Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him.

3. Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release. It shall not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in custody, but release may be subject to guarantees to appear for trial, at any other stage of the judicial proceedings, and, should occasion arise, for execution of the judgement.

4. Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings before a court, in order that that court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention is not lawful.

5. Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation.

Article 10

1. All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.

2.

(a) Accused persons shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be segregated from convicted persons and shall be subject to separate treatment appropriate to their status as unconvicted persons;

(b) Accused juvenile persons shall be separated from adults and brought as speedily as possible for adjudication.

3. The penitentiary system shall comprise treatment of prisoners the essential aim of which shall be their reformation and social rehabilitation. Juvenile offenders shall be segregated from adults and be accorded treatment appropriate to their age and legal status.

Article 14

1. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.

2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

3. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:

(a) To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;

(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;

(c) To be tried without undue delay;

(d) To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;

(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;

(f) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court;

(g) Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.

4. In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their rehabilitation.

5. Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law.

6. When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.

7. No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.

Article 15

1 . No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time when the criminal offence was committed. If, subsequent to the commission of the offence, provision is made by law for the imposition of the lighter penalty, the offender shall benefit thereby.

2. Nothing in this article shall prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations.

Article 16

Right to be recognized everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 17

1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation.

2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 18

Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.

Article 19

Freedom of opinion.

Article 21

Right of peaceful assembly.

Article 22

Right to freedom of association with others, right to form trade unions.

Article 25

Every citizen shall have the right to take part in the conduct of public affairs. Right to equal access to public service in his country.

Article 26

All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Status of Signature, Ratification, Accession to the ICCPR

Country Signature Ratification/Accession
Albania - 4 October 2007
Algeria - 12 September 1989
Andorra 5 August 2002 22 September 2006
Angola - 10 January 1992
Argentina - 8 August 1986
Armenia - 23 June 1993
Australia - 25 September 1991
Austria 10 December 1973 10 December 1987
Azerbaijan - 27 November 2001
Barbardos - 5 January 1973
Belarus - 30 September 1992
Belgium - 17 May 1994
Benin - 12 March 1992
Bolivia - 12 August 1982
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1995 1 March 1995
Brazil - 25 September 2009
Bulgaria 26 March 1992 3 June 1991
Burkina Faso - 4 January 1999
Cambodia 27 September 2004 -
Cameroon - 27 June 1984
Canada - 19 May 1976
Cape Verde - 19 May 2000
Central African Republic - 8 May 1981
Chad - 9 June 1995
Chile - 27 May 1992
Colombia 21 December 1966 29 October 1969
Congo - 5 October 1983
Costa Rica 19 December 1966 29 November 1968
Ivory Coast - 5 March 1997
Croatia - 12 October 1995
Cyprus 19 December 1966 15 April 1992
Czech Republic - 22 February 1993
Democratic Republic of the Congo - 1 November 1976
Denmark 20 March 1968 6 January 1972
Djibouti - 5 November 2002
Dominican Republic - 4 January 1978
Ecuador 4 April 1968 6 March 1969
El Salvador 21 September 1967 6 June 1995
Equatorial Guinea - 25 September 1987
Estonia - 21 October 1991
Finland 11 December 1967 19 August 1975
France - 17 February 1984
Gambia - 9 June 1988
Georgia - 3 May 1994
Germany - 25 August 1993
Ghana 7 September 2000 7 September 2000
Greece - 5 May 1997
Guatemala - 28 November 2000
Guinea 19 March 1975 17 June 1993
Guinea Bissau 12 September 2000 -
Guyana - 5 January 1999
Honduras 19 December 1966 7 June 2005
Hungary - 7 September 1988
Iceland - 22 August 1979
Ireland - 8 December 1989
Italy 30 April 1976 15 September 1978
Jamaica [19 December 1966] [3 October 1975]
Kazakhstan 25 September 2007 30 June 2009
Kyrgyzstan - 7 October 1994
Latvia - 22 June 1994
Lesotho - 6 September 2000
Liberia 22 September 2004 -
Libyan Ara Jamahiriya - 16 May 1989
Liechtenstien - 10 December 1998
Lithuania - 20 November 1991
Luxembourg - 18 August 1983
Magadascar 17 September 1969 21 June 1971
Malawi - 11 June 1996
Maldives - 19 September 2006
Mali - 24 October 2001
Malta - 13 September 1990
Mauritius 12 December 1973
Mexico - 15 March 2002
Mongolia - 16 April 1991
Montenegro - 23 October 2006
Namibia - 28 November 1994
Nauru 12 November 2001 -
Nepal - 14 May 1991
Netherlands 25 June 1969 11 December 1978
New Zealand - 26 May 1989
Nicaragua - 12 March 1980
Niger - 7 March 1986
Norway 20 March 1968 13 September 1972
Panama 27 July 1976 8 March 1977
Paraguay - 10 January 1995
Peru 11 August 1977 3 October 1980
Philippines 19 December 1966 22 August 1989
Poland - 7 June 1991
Portugal 1 August 1978 3 May 1983
Republic of Korea - 10 April 1990
Republic of Moldova 16 September 2005 23 January 2008
Romania - 20 July 1993
Russian Federation - 1 October 1991
San Marino - 18 October 1985
Sao Tome and Principe 6 September 2000 -
Senegal 6 July 2970 13 February 1978
Serbia 12 March 2001 6 September 2001
Seychelles - 5 May 1992
Sierra Leone - 23 August 1996
Slovakia - 28 May 1993
Slovenia - 16 July 1992
Solomon Islands - 10 April 1995
Somalia 9 May 2002 -
South Africa 29 January 1993 16 June 1995
Spain 26 January 1990 6 December 1990
Sri Lanka 26 January 1990 12 July 1991
St Kitts and Nevis 26 January 1990 24 July 1990
St Lucia 30 September 1990 16 June 1993
St Vincent and the Grenadines 20 September 1993 26 October 1993
Sudan 24 July 1990 3 August 1990
Suriname 26 January 1990 1 March 1993
Swaziland 22 August 1990 7 September 1995
Sweden 26 January 1990 29 June 1990
Switzerland 1 May 1991 24 February 1997
Syrian Arab Republic 18 September 1990 15 July 1993
Tajikistan - 26 October 1993
Thailand - 27 March 1992
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - 2 December 1993
Timor Leste - 16 April 2003
Togo 26 January 1990 1 August 1990
Tonga - 6 November 1995
Trinidad and Tobago 30 September 1990 5 December 1991
Tunisia 26 February 1990 30 January 1992
Turkey 14 September 1990 4 April 1995
Turkmenistan - 20 September 1993
Tuvalu - 22 September 1995
Uganda 17 August 1990 17 August 1990
Ukraine 21 February 1990 28 August 1991
United Arab Emirates - 3 January 1997
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 19 April 1990 16 December 1991
United Republic of Tanzania 1 June 1990 10 June 1991
United State of America 16 February 1995 -
Uruguay 26 January 1990 20 November 1990
Uzbekistan - 29 June 1994
Vanuatu 30 September 1990 7 July 1993
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 26 January 1990 13 September 1990
Viet Nam 26 January 1990 28 February 1990
Yemen 13 February 1990 1 May 1991
Zambia 30 September 1990 6 December 1991
Zimbabwe 8 March 1990 11 September 1990

See International Law